OSIM is a full field, cryogenic, optical simulator of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE). It provides simulated point source/star images for optical performance testing of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM). OSIM is currently being assembled at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). In this paper, we describe the capabilities, design, manufacturing and integration status, and uses of the OSIM during the optical test program of ISIM and the Science Instruments. Where applicable, the ISIM tests are also described.
Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation process used to maximize production of oil and natural gas. It is used to create new fractures and enhance in-situ subsurface fracture systems as well to allow oil or natural gas to move more freely from the rock pores to the production wellbore. The post-fracturing flowback procedure is critical to the production performance of a fractured well. An improper flowback cleanup often leads to lower retained conductivity near the wellbore, resulting in reduced production. Controlled flowback is beneficial for properly removing polymer gel residue from the proppant pack. The degree of propped fracture cleanup is related to a number of factors that relate to the measurement of guar polymer contained in the fluid flowback samples. Measurement of guar carbohydrate from fluid flowback samples is used to estimate the amount of guar recovered after fracturing treatments. Using a field study and laboratory analysis, this paper demonstrates that the measurement of the guar polymer in fluid flowback can be used as an indication of fracture cleanup. The Anthrone method, a technique for measuring total guar carbohydrate in the fluid flowback samples, is used. Anthrone dissolved in sulfuric acid forms a yellow solution. In the presence of guar or its derivations, the solution turns green/blue. Using an ultra violet (UV) spectrometry technique, guar concentration in the fluid flowback samples can be determined from the intensity of measured color. Many fluid samples collected from two wells were analyzed and results are presented. A good correlation between the guar polymer concentration and cleanup is observed and quantified. Results from this study show that using this technique can result in an optimum flowback design that maximizes near-wellbore (NWB) conductivity and fracture cleanup for better production.
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