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Play therapy and filial therapy show promise as effective ways to provide direct services to Head Start, addressing the needs of the children, the families, and the Head Start teachers and staff. This paper examines the utility of play and filial therapies for the Head Start population, presents a systemic explanation for the benefit of filial therapy, and provides a case example for illustration.

The authors developed a terminology bridge for reflecting deeper meaning in play therapy by melding Carkhuff's scale for measuring accurate empathy with the child-centered, Adlerian, and ecosystemic play therapy approaches. Designed to help university practicum and other supervisors facilitate beginning play therapists in the reflection of deeper meaning, this scale draws from historic core conditions in psychotherapy and correlates them to response skills of respected play therapy approaches in a 5-level scale.

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Experiential metaphor has been used in marriage and family therapy for many years. One example of metaphor application involves the use of ropes and felt board to identify and explore relationships in families. In this case, the mother of a son who was socially isolated is treated by a marriage and family therapy intern, using ropes and felt board as media to exemplify the tugs of relationships, demands, and expectations. Responding to the metaphors, the mother changed relationships with her son, other children, and her former and current husbands. Literature supporting the use of metaphors in therapeutic contexts sets the stage for the description of the efficacy of ropes as metaphor in therapy. The case study offers a detailed account of techniques used.