Soil fungi facilitate the translocation of inorganic nutrients from soil minerals to other microorganisms and plants. This ability is particularly advantageous in impoverished soils, because fungal mycelial networks can bridge otherwise spatially disconnected and inaccessible nutrient hotspots. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal mineral weathering and transport through soil remains poorly understood. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by directly visualizing nutrient acquisition and transport through fungal hyphae in a mineral doped soil micromodel using a multimodal imaging approach. We observed that Fusarium sp. DS 682, a representative of common saprotrophic soil fungi, exhibited a mechanosensory response (thigmotropism) around obstacles and through pore spaces (~12 μm) in the presence of minerals. The fungus incorporated and translocated potassium (K) from K-rich mineral interfaces, as evidenced by visualization of mineral derived nutrient transport and unique K chemical moieties following fungal induced mineral weathering. Specific membrane transport proteins were expressed in the presence of minerals, including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathways and transmembrane transport of small molecular weight organic acids. This study establishes the significance of fungal biology and nutrient translocation mechanisms in maintaining fungal growth under water and nutrient limitations in a soil-like microenvironment.
Metabolism 12:527 (June) 1963 An impaired glucose metabolism with changes in the islets of Langerhans was demonstrated in yellow obese mice. Nonfasted yellow animals had a blood sugar level of more than twice that of their gray and lean litter mates and often exhibited positive test results for urine sugar. The pancreatic islets of the yellow mice were characterized by considerable capillary dilatation with degranulation and in¬ creased nuclear size of the ß cells. The hyperplasia of the ß cell system could account for the total islet volume in¬ crease of about 100% in these animals. The values ob¬ tained for the total volume of the hyperplastic islet tissue in the yellow obese mice were of the same order as previously found for normal mice with obesity induced by gold thioglucose and probably reflect the adaptation of the ß cells to an increased insidin demand. There was no support for the concept that hyperadrenocorticism contributes to the obesity and hyperglycemia observed in this strain of yellow mice.Effect of Medullectomy and Corticectomy on Renal Excretory Function in the Rat\p=m-\H.Sokabe and A. Grollman Metabolism 12:537 (June) 1963 The effects of medullectomy and corticectomy have been studied in the rat in order to localize the site of the· various excretory functions of the kidney. Although the operations result in secondary injury due to infarction and scarring of areas contiguous to the incision, one can, nevertheless, allocate the different functions studied to the several gross morphological divisions of the kidney. The results of the operations on the concentrating activity of the kidney, on the excretion of various urinary constituents, on the effect of the antidiuretic hormone, and on the excretion of acid conform with the generally held views regarding the nature of these processes and of the role of the eountercurrent apparatus in urine formation. Intravenous Tolbutamide Test in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas: Test Pilot Study\p=m-\R.C. Rosan, M. L. Nieland, and H. Shwachman Metabolism 12:553 (June) 1963 Twenty patients with cystic fibrosis, including 6 thought to have diabetes melitus in addition, and 19 patients with¬ out cystic fibrosis, including 5 thought to have diabetes, were tested by the tolbutamide load technic of Unger and Madison using 15 mg/Kg intravenously. In patients without diabetes, a lowering of the blood sugar of 18% or more of fasting value was generally observed about 30 minutes after the intravenous injection. Patients with diabetes showed a smaller drop or no drop at all. A previously unsuspected case of diabetes mellitus in a patient with cystic fibrosis was uncovered during the investigation. A delayed allergic response probably associated with the administration of intravenous tolbutamide was incidentally noted in one patient. Nucleic Acids and Protein Nitrogen in Regenerated Liver of the Cirrhotic Rat\p=m-\N.Rabinovici and E. WienerMetabolism 12:545 (June) 1963 Data are presented on the effect of regeneration upon the concentration of ribosenucleic acid ( RNA...
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