This document describes research conducted to create an innovative, Soldier-friendly method for developing tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). The approach built on previously developed methodology, blending knowledge elicitation techniques and simulation-based vignettes to produce a flexible set of tools to structure and guide the TTP development process. The resulting toolbox was implemented with Soldiers to obtain feedback and ideas for improving the method. When groups of Soldiers used the toolbox to develop focused TTP, the method proved to work well with a variety of missions and tactical conditions. The clarity and quality of the tools as well as the effectiveness of the method were assessed using multiple measures. The Soldiers rated the effectiveness of the method's various components positively. The quality of the resulting TTP increased across exercises (practice effect) and groups (resulting from toolbox improvements between groups). Lessons learned about various aspects of the methodology are included.

Counterinsurgency (COIN) is essentially a human endeavor that taxes the full spectrum of human capabilities. The challenges of COIN and Full Spectrum Operations (FSO) require a complementary approach to Soldier preparation referred to here as Full Spectrum Training and Development (FSTD). The goal of the research described in this report was to develop an exemplary guide for FSTD focused on the skills and attributes needed for reconnaissance leaders in FSO. This goal was achieved by developing and evaluating a guide designed to help instructors facilitate collaborative learning. The guide incorporated principles and best practices of peer-to-peer training to directly support instructors teaching reconnaissance leader skills and attributes. During development the guide underwent iterative review by course leaders and instructors as well as behavioral research scientists. The guide was then evaluated and revised based on two operational implementations. Empirical data from the evaluations suggested the guide is a valuable and welcome resource for instructors and course leaders. The report includes suggestions for extending the methodology to other U.S. Army courses.

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This report describes the methods developed and experiments executed to explore the best methods for communicating tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and measuring Soldiers' understanding of TTPs. It contains sample documentation of the communication methods, measures, training, and vignettes developed for this exploratory research and then packaged in a "TTP Toolbox" for Soldiers. Overall, each of the three modes of communication resulted in superior performance relative to the control condition, indicating the communication methods tested actually increased Soldiers' understanding of TTP. The Written mode of communication appeared to provide greater understanding of TTP; however, Soldiers preferred the Video-Graphic-Written mode. The authors examine alternate explanations for the findings and document lessons learned about TTP communication and measurement methods based on Soldiers' feedback. The report concludes with method recommendations to improve TTP communication and understanding for future research and implementation. A companion Research Product more fully documents the TTP methods in hard copy and electronic format to facilitate the transition of the TTP Toolbox to Army units and organizations.

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