The administration of anaritide did not improve the overall rate of dialysis-free survival in critically ill patients with acute tubular necrosis. However, anaritide may improve dialysis-free survival in patients with oliguria and may worsen it in patients without oliguria who have acute tubular necrosis.

Background: The sepsis pathology remains an enormous medical problem globally because morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in septic patients despite intense research efforts. The economic and societal burden of sepsis makes it the most pressing patient care issue in the United States and worldwide. Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response normally initiated by an infection. The need for an early, accurate, and reliable biomarker test to detect the onset of sepsis and for a targeted sepsis therapy are widely recognized in the biomedical community. Content: This report reviews the published findings relevant to microvesicle-associated inducible nitric oxide synthase (MV-A iNOS) as a novel plasma biomarker for the onset of sepsis including human clinical studies and animal studies. Plasma iNOS as a standalone test and as one of the components of a novel panel of biomarkers to stage the progression of sepsis are presented and discussed in comparison to other biomarkers and other proposed panels of biomarkers for sepsis. Summary: The data strongly support the concept that extracellular plasma MV-A iNOS in circulating microvesicles is centrally involved in the initiation of sepsis, and a diagnostic test based upon plasma iNOS can serve as an early pre-symptomatic warning signal for the onset of sepsis. A novel panel of plasma biomarkers comprised of iNOS, pro-IL-18, pro-IL-33, and Reg-1α is proposed as a multianalyte pre-symptomatic method to stage the onset of sepsis for improved prompt data driven patient care.

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Throughout member countries of the Organisation for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD), a number of important policy directions are placing increasing demands upon career Information and guidance services. A growing emphasis upon lifelong learning for all and active employment and welfare policies are among the more important. Yet alongside these pressures for wider community access to career assistance services, recent OECD work reveals weaknesses in the organisation and delivery of career information, guidance and counselling. A key challenge facing governments is to widen access to these services in an affordable way and yet to maintain their quality. This paper describes a new OECD activity on policies for career information, guidance and counselling services that will examine this challenge.

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The country teams were asked to select and address two or three of six themes: human capital, labour supply, employability skills, career development services for workforce development, older workers or the evidence base. In practice, the detailed questions listed in the briefing document for the first four of these themes were diffuse and overlapped with one another. As a result, material included in many of the country papers under the first three themes related more closely to the fourth theme (career development services).In light of this, the conceptual framework for the first four themes has been altered for the purposes of INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on CAREER DEVELOPMENT and PUBLIC POLICYShaping the future: Connecting career development and workforce development 33 A u s t r a l i a n J o u r n a l o f C a r e e r D e v e l o p m e n t Vo l u m e 5 , N u m b e r 3 , S p r i n g 2 0 0 6 at University of Sussex Library on August 24, 2015 acd.sagepub.com Downloaded from

To determine whether mitigating the harmful effects of circulating microvesicle-associated inducible nitric oxide (MV-A iNOS) in vivo increases the survival of challenged mice in three different mouse models of sepsis, the ability of anti-MV-A iNOS monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to rescue challenged mice was assessed using three different mouse models of sepsis. The vivarium of a research laboratory Balb/c mice were challenged with an LD80 dose of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS/endotoxin), TNFα, or MV-A iNOS and then treated at various times after the challenge with saline as control or with an anti-MV-A iNOS mAb as a potential immunotherapeutic to treat sepsis. Each group of mice was checked daily for survivors, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed. Five different murine anti-MV-A iNOS mAbs from our panel of 24 murine anti-MV-A iNOS mAbs were found to rescue some of the challenged mice. All five murine mAbs were used to genetically engineer humanized anti-MV-A iNOS mAbs by inserting the murine complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) into a human IgG1,kappa scaffold and expressing the humanized mAbs in CHO cells. Three humanized anti-MV-A iNOS mAbs were effective at rescuing mice from sepsis in three different animal models of sepsis. The effectiveness of the treatment was both time- and dose-dependent. Humanized anti-MV-A iNOS rHJ mAb could rescue up to 80% of the challenged animals if administered early and at a high dose. Our conclusions are that MV-A iNOS is a novel therapeutic target to treat sepsis; anti-MV-A iNOS mAbs can mitigate the harmful effects of MV-A iNOS; the neutralizing mAb’s efficacy is both time- and dose-dependent; and a specifically targeted immunotherapeutic for MV-A iNOS could potentially save tens of thousands of lives annually and could result in improved antibiotic stewardship.

The papers in this issue of the journal stem from the largest harmonised set of international reviews of national career guidance policies ever undertaken. Separately they cover 37 countries. They provide a rich set of data for researchers on comparative career guidance systems, and they contain many important lessons for policy makers. Nevertheless they leave important questions about the determinants of differences between national career guidance systems unanswered.Re´sume´: Etudes comparatives en orientation professionnelle: quelques re´flexions. Les articles de ce nume´ro repre´sente l'ensemble le plus e´quilibre´des recensions internationales des politiques d'orientation professionnelle nationale jamais entreprises. Pris se´pare´ment, ils couvrent 37 pays. Ils fournissent un riche ensemble de donne´es pour les chercheurs adoptant une perspective comparatiste sur les syste`mes d'orientation professionnelle et contiennent de nombreuses et importantes lec¸ons pour les responsables politiques. Ne´anmoins, ils laissent sans re´ponse d'importantes questions relatives aux de´terminants des diffe´rences entre les syste`mes nationaux d'orientation professionnelle.Zusammenfassung: Vergleichsstudien zur beruflichen Beratung: Einige Ü berlegungen. Die Artikel in dieser Ausgabe stammen aus der gro¨ßten, harmonisierten Kombination internationaler Vergleichsstudien zur beruflichen Beratung, die jemals durchgefu¨hrt wurde. Im einzelnen umfassen diese Studien Untersuchungen u¨ber 37 La¨nder. Sie stellen Wissenschaftlern eine reichhaltige Sammlung von Daten u¨ber vergleichbare Berufsberatungssysteme zur Verfu¨gung, und sie enthalten viele wichtige Hinweise fu¨r politisch Verantwortliche. Dennoch lassen die Studien wichtige Fragen u¨ber die Determinanten der Unterschiede zwischen nationalen Berufsberatungssystemen unbeantwortet.Resumen: Estudios comparativos sobre Orientacio´n para la carrera: Algunas reflexiones. Los artı´c-ulos de este nmero de la revista parten del mayor conjunto coordinado de estudios internacionales sobre las polı´ticas de orientacio´n para la carrera jama´s realizado. Por separado abarcan ma´s de 37 paı´ses. Proporcionan una gran cantidad de informacio´n valiosa para la investigacio´n comparativa de los sistemas de orientacio´n profesional, y contienen importantes sugerencias para los responsables de las polı´ticas. No obstante, dejan sin responder cuestiones importantes sobre cua´les son los determinantes de las diferencias sistemas nacionales de orientacio´n para la carrera.