Risk factors for spontaneous superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis are multifactorial. MRI and MRV confirm the diagnosis of SOVT. Despite urgent intervention devastating visual loss may occur.

A contemporary pediatric trabeculectomy technique augmented with MMC is an effective procedure in the management of glaucoma within the first 2 years of life, as shown by the successful long-term outcomes and low incidence of sight-threatening complications. Trabeculectomy after failed goniotomy surgery or as a primary surgical intervention may offer a phakic infant with glaucoma an excellent opportunity to achieve long-term control of IOP without medications and may be associated with optimal visual outcomes.

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is the process by which three dimensional data fields are translated into real-life physical representations. 3D printers create physical printouts using heated plastics in a layered fashion resulting in a three-dimensional object. We present a technique for creating customised, inexpensive 3D orbit models for use in orbital surgical training using 3D printing technology. These models allow trainee surgeons to perform 'wet-lab' orbital decompressions and simulate upcoming surgeries on orbital models that replicate a patient's bony anatomy. We believe this represents an innovative training tool for the next generation of orbital surgeons.

This study demonstrates that secondary orbital reconstruction can achieve excellent functional and cosmetic results with high patient satisfaction and minimal complications. Secondary reconstruction of previously repaired orbital fractures should be considered when clinically indicated.