The five cases of atlanto-occipital dislocation reported in the world literature are reviewed, and four additional cases are presented, including two survivors. The pathological anatomy of this potentially catastrophic injury and its management are briefly discussed. Because immediate recognition of the atlanto-occipital dislocation is critical to proper treatment and because the neurological findings are extremely varied, a new radiographic criterion for its identification has been developed.
The completion of the sequencing of the human genome, and those of other organisms, is expected to lead to many potential new drug targets in various diseases, and it is predicted that novel therapeutic agents will be developed against such targets. The role of functional genomics in modern drug discovery is to prioritize these targets and to translate that knowledge into rational and reliable drug discovery. Here, we describe the field of functional genomics and review approaches that have been applied to drug discovery, including RNA profiling, proteomics, antisense and RNA interference, model organisms and high-throughput, genome-wide overexpression or knockdowns, and outline the future directions that are likely to yield new drug targets from genomics.
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