Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F = (1.8×°C)+32 Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25°C). Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L). Concentrations of bacteria in water are given in colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL).
Mr. Ralph Bednarz of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the volunteers of the Cooperative Lake Monitoring Program (CLMP) were invaluable in providing much of the field data used in the project. Leif Olmanson of the Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Laboratory, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota provided the Gethist program for use in analyzing Michigan inland lakes. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field technicians provided measurements for the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to supplement the measurements from volunteers of the CLMP. The following USGS Michigan Water Science Center employees were involved in the collection of data for this study:
A 15-year estimated Trophic State Index (eTSI) for Michigan inland lakes is available, and it spans seven datasets, each representing 1 to 3 years of data from 1999 to 2013. On average, 3,000 inland lake eTSI values are represented in each of the datasets by a process that relates field-measured Secchidisk transparency (SDT) to Landsat satellite imagery to provide eTSI values for unsampled inland lakes. The correlation between eTSI values and field-measured Trophic State Index (TSI) values from SDT was strong as shown by R 2 values from 0.71 to 0.83. Mean eTSI values ranged from 42.7 to 46.8 units, which when converted to estimated SDT (eSDT) ranged from 8.9 to 12.5 feet for the datasets. Most eTSI values for Michigan inland lakes are in the mesotrophic TSI class. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III Ecoregions were used to illustrate and compare the spatial distribution of eTSI classes for Michigan inland lakes. Lakes in the Northern Lakes and Forests, North Central Hardwood Forests, and Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains ecoregions are predominantly in the mesotrophic TSI class. The Huron/ Erie Lake Plains and Eastern Corn Belt Plains ecoregions, had predominantly eutrophic class lakes and also the highest percent of hypereutrophic lakes than other ecoregions in the State. Data from multiple sampling programs-including data collected by volunteers with the Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program (CLMP) through the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), and the 2007 National Lakes Assessment (NLA)-were compiled to compare the distribution of lake TSI classes between each program. The seven eTSI datasets are available for viewing and download with eSDT from the Michigan Lake Water Clarity Interactive Map Viewer at http://mi.water.usgs.gov/projects/RemoteSensing/ index.html.
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