URING the Spring of 1953, one hundred men visited the Institute of Personality Assessment and Research at the University of California, Berkeley, to participate in an intensive three-day assessment of those qualities related to superior functioning in their profession. 2 As one of the procedures on the final day of assessment, the men were seated in groups of five in front of an apparatus consisting of five adjacent electrical panels. Each panel had side wings, forming an open cubicle, so that the person, though sitting side by side with his fellow subjects, was unable to see their panels. The experimenter explained that the apparatus was so wired that information could be sent by each man to all the others by closing any of eleven switches at the bottom of his panel. This information would appear on the other panels in the form of signal lights, among five rows of eleven lights, each row corresponding to one of the five panels. After a warm-up task to acquaint the men with the workings of the apparatus, the actual procedure commenced.Slides were projected on a wall directly facing the men, Each slide presented a question calling for a judgment by the person. He indicated his choice of one of several multiple-alternative answers by closing the appropriately numbered switch on his panel. Moreover, he responded in order, that is, as designated by one of five red lights lettered A, B, C, D, E, on his panel. If he were A, he responded first, if B, second, and so on. The designations, A, B, C, D, and E, were rotated by the experimenter from time to time, thus permitting each person to give his judgments in all the

This basic text is the first modern work of its kind to develop an integrated and consistent approach to the science of psychology as a systematic, interpretative account of social behavior. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic principles of human behavior, which are then "spelled out" in their operation in such behavior as racial prejudice, labor-management conflict, propaganda, group morale, leadership, international tensions, etc.

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A sample of 60 mathematicians is shown to differ from scientists in demographic and personality characteristics. Creative 5s were more flexible and richer in personality than comparison 5s, though not higher in personal ascendance or in IQ. They were more often the eldest child in their family and described their mothers with more respect and warmth. They came from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, but the native-born creatives came from less privileged backgrounds than have been reported for eminent scientists. The creative mathematicians show less predominant Protestant and Americanborn influence than eminent scientists.

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