Background:The ratio of digit lengths is fixed in utero, and may be a proxy indicator for prenatal testosterone levels.Methods:We analysed the right-hand pattern and prostate cancer risk in 1524 prostate cancer cases and 3044 population-based controls.Results:Compared with index finger shorter than ring finger (low 2D : 4D), men with index finger longer than ring finger (high 2D : 4D) showed a negative association, suggesting a protective effect with a 33% risk reduction (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.80). Risk reduction was even greater (87%) in age group <60 (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.21).Conclusion:Pattern of finger lengths may be a simple marker of prostate cancer risk, with length of 2D greater than 4D suggestive of lower risk.
As my Comment in the first section of the journal suggested, the MTOPS results have offered the possibility to general practitioners of reducing the risk of side‐effects of BPH, particularly urinary retention, by giving patients dual therapy with 5α‐reductase inhibitor and alpha‐adrenergic blocker. Authors from the UK present guidelines for the primary case management of male LUTS, which significantly fills this gap in the literature. Any help in the management of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis is welcome to clinicians; many treatments have been proposed after non‐comparative trials, and so their value must be viewed cautiously. The authors from Canada and USA present the results of a randomized placebo‐controlled study into the use of finasteride in such patients. The other papers in this section all deal with LUTS, e.g. frequency and nocturia, in a variety of situations. There is still great interest in the epidemiology of these symptoms, and in the various methods of grading their severity.
Objective To evaluate the eÃcacy and safety in a dosereductions in total symptom score were obtained with tamsulosin 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg (4.1, −28.7%, and ranging study of tamsulosin (once-daily) as a modifiedrelease formulation compared with placebo in patients 4.4 points, −28.2%, respectively) compared with reductions of 3.4 (−20.1%) in the tamsulosin with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), and to estab-(0.2 mg) and 2.9 points (−17.7%) in the placebo groups. The diÂerence in eÂects on total symptom lish the optimum dosage for phase III clinical studies. Patients and methods Of 169 patients with LUTS associscore between treatment groups was not statistically significant, which can be attributed to the small ated with BPO enrolled in a 3 week placebo run-in period, 126 were subsequently randomized to receive sample size. Tamsulosin was well tolerated; at least one adverse event was reported by 29%, 23%, 27% placebo (28), or 0.2 mg (35), 0.4 mg (30), or 0.6 mg (33) of tamsulosin once daily for 4 weeks. Free-flow and 36% of patients in the placebo and tamsulosin 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg groups, respectively. There and pressure-flow measurements, and modified Boyarsky symptom scores were used to determine were no apparent tamsulosin dose-dependent changes in vital signs from baseline to the end of 4 weeks of eÃcacy. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and vital signs (including 8 h after the first randomized treatment. Tamsulosin caused no statistically significantly greater changes in blood pressure dose), and by laboratory determinations. Results Tamsulosin 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg produced sigthan placebo during the initial 8 h after the first dose. There were no clinically significant changes in laboranificantly greater improvements in maximum urinary flow rate (Q max ) (2.2 mL/s, 22.6%, and 1.8 mL/s, tory variables. Conclusion Tamsulosin is well tolerated and eÂective in 20.2%, respectively) than did placebo (−0.1 mL/s, −0.9%). The results from the pressure-flow studies improving urinary flow and relieving LUTS associated with BPO. Optimal eÂects are achieved with tamsuloconfirmed the results for Q max in the free flow studies, with optimum and significant eÂects for tamsin 0.4 mg administered once daily. Keywords Benign prostatic obstruction, tamsulosin, a 1 -sulosin 0.4 mg. This also applied for detrusor pressure at maximum flow, which decreased by 26.6 cmH 2 O adrenoceptor antagonists, a 1A -adrenergic receptor, lower urinary tract symptoms (−28.2%) on 0.4 mg tamsulosin whereas it increased by 4.9 cm H 2 O (5.7%) on placebo. Patients and methods [5][6][7]. This provides the rationale for using a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists; they relax the bladder neck and This was a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II study involving 10 centres in the prostate smooth muscle and relieve the dynamic component of BPO, thereby increasing urinary flow and improv-UK. The study was approved by the local ethics committees and was performed in ...
Double J stents have been advocated for drainage or splintage of the ureter. One hundred and thirty-eight attempts at stent insertion were made in 100 patients. In 78% of attempts the stent was satisfactorily placed. Their use in retroperitoneal fibrosis, ureteric trauma and acute hydronephrosis of pregnancy has been encouraging. Poor results have been obtained in patients with malignant obstruction or tuberculous stricture.
We have reviewed 111 patients with papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, category Ta and T1, admitted between 1975 and 1980. Histological grade and the presence of multiple tumours at presentation were the most useful prognostic features in terms of recurrence and mortality from either locally invasive or metastatic disease.
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