This article focusses on the past lives of two prominent males in Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff and Hareton. It particularly highlights the challenges that they have encountered in the past, especially those that involve how they have been treated by those in whose care they had been intrusted, namely parents and guardians. It follows how these behaviours have shaped and influenced the habits of the characters and the extent to which these behaviours have been internalised and embraced. In the instance of Hareton, the article underscores the fact that negative circumstances do not have to necessarily engender negative attitudes. They can be used to create uplifting and creative possibilities.
At the end of 1922, after years of revolution and civil war, the Soviet Union was formally incorporated, bringing areas of the former Russian Empire into an ostensibly unified conglomerate. Though conflicts continued to smolder, Spenglerian discourse from the area touted a flourishing Slavic East in opposition to a declining European West. For the thousands of Russians and other émigrés from the former Russian Empire living abroad in Europe, this opposition presented a conundrum: should their sympathies lie with their cultural home or with the West, where they experienced daily life?
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