Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is grown primarily for forage on over 162,000 ha in Missouri. Fescue is managed for spring and summer pasture and for both seed and fall forage production. Spring and fall growth is often stockpiled for late fall and winter feed. This study was conducted to determine the effects of rate and time of N applications and forage management on seed yield, and on quality and yield of forage. Plots were layed out on established stands of tall fescue on Gerald, Lebanon and Edina silt loams (Umbric Fragiudalf, Typic Fragiudalf, fine mixed mesic; Typic Argialboll, fine montmorillonite, mesic, respectively.) Nitrogen rates on Gerald and Lebanon soils (Southwest Missouri) were 0, 33, 67, 101, and 134 kg/ha in different time combinations, including December, March, June, and August. Forage management included: (a) removal after seed harvest and again in December, (b) stockpile after seed harvest, harvest in December. Nitrogen rates on Edina silt loam (North Missouri) were 0, 67, and 134 kg/ha in different time combinations, including December, March, July, and August. In addition to the two management systems listed above, forage was round baled at the early head stage and harvested again in December. Effects of treatments were evaluated by seed yield and yield, crude protein, and IVDMD of the forage. Nitrogen for seed production was more efficient when applied in December, while March was a better time to apply N for forage production. One‐hundred‐one kg/ha was the optimum rate for both purposes. Severe lodging was caused by 134 kg/ha N at both locations. Failure to remove plant residue after seed harvest reduced seed yields the following year from 42 to 45%. These residues average 7.0% crude protein and 52% IVDMD. Forage round baled in the early head averaged 10.9% crude protein and 52% IVDMD. August was the best time to apply N for fall forage production and 101 kg/ha was the optimum rate.

T\ROUGHT is a problem almost every year in many *-* areas of the world. Drought reduces both quality and quantity of plant material produced and is a major factor in preventing stabilization of agriculture. • Nitrate is the principal form of nitrogen absorbed by higher plants. However, before it can be used in amino acid and protein synthesis, it must be reduced to ammonia. The first step in this reduction process is conversion of nitrate to nitrite by the nitrate reductase enzyme. With available nitrate nitrogen, reduced activity of the enzyme may result in nitrate accumulation. Reduced nitrate reductase activity has been attributed to decreased light, low moisture, low fertility, genotype differences, and possible other factors. In some cases, nitrate has accumulated in sufficient quantities to be toxic to livestock. As early as 1895, Mayo (7) reported losses of cattle that had eaten corn fodder containing 25% potassium nitrate. Molybdenum has been reported to be a metal constituent of the nitrate reductase enzyme. Thus, moisture stress may influence nitrate reduction by limiting molybdenum uptake or availability. Decreased nitrate reduction in plants under stress may influence the quantity and/or quality of other nitrogen fractions and of total nitrogen. West (8) found that water stress quantitatively reduced protein in corn seedlings germinated from 1 to 6 days in darkness, apparently by slowing protein degradation in the endosperm-scutellum and protein formation in the seedling. Chen et al. (2) reported protein levels in citrus seedlings responded differentially to intensifying water deficits. A 3-phase system of protein fluctuation was detected; protein increased at the beginning of dehydration, decreased at medium dehydration, and increased again slightly at extreme dehydration.

When applied in early February, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], pronamide [3,5-dichloro-(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], secbumeton [N-ethyl-6-methoxy-N′-(1-methylpropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] effectively removed weedyBromusspecies from established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and increased yields of alfalfa forage. Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil), and hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4(1H,3H)-dione] had no adverse effects on yields of alfalfa when applied in late March. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) was somewhat less effective for controlling weeds when applied in late March than when applied in February. When applied to weed-free stands of alfalfa after dormancy was broken, metribuzin, terbacil, hexazinone, and simazine, but not pronamide, significantly reduced yields of alfalfa. Terbacil applied immediately after the first cutting did not significantly reduce yields of the second cutting. Terbacil and bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] applied when alfalfa had 5 cm of regrowth significantly reduced yields.

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MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) and DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) killed 27 to 90% of the broomsedge (Andropogon virginicusL.) plants when applied at 1.1 to 6.7 kg/ha in July. These rates did not reduce yields of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermisLeyss.) or affect the density of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) growing in association with the broomsedge.