Prevalence, symptoms, and treatment of depression suggest that major depressive disorders (MDD) present sex differences. Social stress-induced neurovascular pathology is associated with depressive symptoms in male mice; however, this association is unclear in females. Here, we report that chronic social and subchronic variable stress promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in mood-related brain regions of female mice. Targeted disruption of the BBB in the female prefrontal cortex (PFC) induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviours. By comparing the endothelium cell-specific transcriptomic profiling of the mouse male and female PFC, we identify several pathways and genes involved in maladaptive stress responses and resilience to stress. Furthermore, we confirm that the BBB in the PFC of stressed female mice is leaky. Then, we identify circulating vascular biomarkers of chronic stress, such as soluble E-selectin. Similar changes in circulating soluble E-selectin, BBB gene expression and morphology can be found in blood serum and postmortem brain samples from women diagnosed with MDD. Altogether, we propose that BBB dysfunction plays an important role in modulating stress responses in female mice and possibly MDD.

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The aim of the current study was to verify whether relationships exist in sexual aggressors between affective components (moods and emotions following conflicts) and sexual behaviors (fantasies and masturbatoiy activities during such fantasies). We therefore developed the "Fantasy Report," a self-assessment method for recording affective components and sexual behaviors. Nineteen rapists, 12 heterosexual pedophiles, and 8 homosexual pedophiles filled out the Fantasy Report every 2 days for 2 months. In rapists and heterosexual pedophiles, negative moods and conflicts coincided with overwhelming deviant sexual fantasies and increased masturbatory activities during such fantasies. For the homosexual pedophiles, the data revealed a significant relationship only between affective components and deviant sexual fantasies. The emotions most frequently reported were anger, loneliness, and humiliation by the rapists, loneliness and humiliation by the heterosexual pedophiles, and loneliness by the homosexual pedophiles. These data are discussed on the basis of the Relapse Prevention ModeL

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Ce texte fait état de la première année de réflexion d’un comité ad hoc composé de praticiens et d’universitaires ayant pour mandat de réfléchir à la possible professionnalisation de la criminologie. Il présente aussi les résultats d’un sondage réalisé auprès de 340 criminologues québécois. Ceux-ci travaillent essentiellement dans les Centres jeunesse, pour le ministère du Solliciteur général du Canada, dans les organismes communautaires, pour le ministère de la Sécurité publique et les centres de réadaptation pour alcooliques/toxicomanes. Ils sont confrontés à plusieurs dilemmes éthiques et ressentent le besoin de mettre en place de meilleurs mécanismes de régulation de leurs pratiques. Les conclusions soutiennent tout d’abord que la formation universitaire des criminologues les qualifie à poser des actes déjà partagés par un certain nombre de professionnels. Elles affirment aussi que les actes posés par les criminologues ont besoin d’être encadrés par des mécanismes de formation continue et un code de déontologie, notamment parce que les droits et les intérêts des victimes, des délinquants et de la communauté s’y trouvent généralement engagés, de manière simultanée, dans des décisions souvent rendues dans un contexte d’autorité et qui impliquent de nombreux risques de préjudices.This article presents the first year’s thoughts of an ad hoc committee formed by clinicians and researchers whose mandate is to think about criminology’s possible professionalization. It also discusses the results of a survey completed by 340 Quebec criminologists, who for the most part work in the Centres Jeunesse, for the Solicitor General of Canada, in community organizations, for the Public Security Department, or in rehabilitation/detoxification centers. These criminologists are confronted with multiple ethical dilemmas, and feel the need to create guidelines and improved regulation mechanisms for their practices. The article’s conclusions first highlight that criminologists’ university training qualifies them to perform acts already carried out by a certain number of professionals. The conclusions also emphasize the need for criminologists’ acts to be supervised by continuing education mechanisms and by a deontological code, particularly given that the rights and the interests of victims, delinquents and community are generally all concerned by those decisions often taken in an authority context and involving numerous risks of prejudice

PSYCHIATRIE & VIOLENCE(1) la position exprimée par les auteurs reflète leurs réflexions personnelles et n'engage pas l'institut P. Pinel de Montréal.

The present study compares the Historical, Clinical, and Risk Management-20 (HCR-20) checklist in a male offender population of 108 adolescents using the relationship between the offender and the victim as a classification factor. Two types of relationship were retained for comparison purposes: family victim/known victim and unknown victim. All adolescents admitted to the Adolescent program of Montréal's Philippe-Pinel Institute from February 1998 to April 2003 were assessed and their families were met. The HCR-20 checklist was completed for each adolescent. Statistically significant differences were observed for the mean rank of the total score of the HCR-20 and two sub-scales, the historical subscale (H) and the risk management subscale (R). The results indicate that the adolescents who victimize strangers have more violent risk factors compared to those who victimize family/known victims. These results have important implications regarding prevention and treatment.