Wood frame construction is made up of nominal 2‐in. framing members spaced closely together and normally concealed by interior finish materials such as gypsum board or wood paneling. Wood product substrates are classified in two main facing material categories: decorative laminates/overlays and wood veneers. The strength of wood varies with the duration of the load. As a natural product wood varies greatly in appearance and structural properties. Composite and engineered wood salvaged from lumber production make use of wasted materials. Wood and wood products may be finished with transparent or opaque coatings or serve as a base for applied plastic laminates. Thermoplastic sheets are semi‐rigid sheets or rolls, stock‐extruded from a nonporous acrylic/polyvinyl chloride alloy. High‐pressure decorative laminates are formed under heat and pressure from resin‐impregnated kraft paper substrates with decorative plastic face materials and a clear protective top sheet.
This chapter discusses special construction in the following areas: building modules, manufactured—fabricated rooms, special structures, manufactured engineered structures, special function construction, special facilities components and athletic and recreation special construction. Steel mobile buildings are much stronger than fiberglass units because of the construction—most frequently they are continuously welded 6 by 6 in., 4 by 4 in., or 2 by 4 in. Speed of construction and low initial cost are the main advantages of mobile modules; moreover, on‐site labor requirements are minimal. Isolated rooms incorporate special construction to reduce intrusive noise and vibration from outside a room or to contain the sound and impact energy generated within a room. The most effective floor construction is a floating concrete slab, which is separated from the building structure by steel springs, neoprene, or glass‐fiber isolation mounts. Designating responsibility for engineering, fabrication, and construction may allow better cost control.
The advantage of using performance request for proposals are that they utilize the geotechnical engineer's professional judgment to evaluate the site and recommend the extent of soil and substructure investigation necessary for the proper design of the substructure. A soil boring log, which is prepared by the geotechnical engineer, identifies the layers of soil found at specific depths beneath the surface and lists several measured characteristics of this soil, which could impact the design of any structure built upon it. Footings lie under the basement, crawl space, or foundation walls, and transfer structural loads from the walls of the building to the supporting soil. Structural chemical grouting permeates sands with grouts and produces a stronger sandstone‐like strata that carries the loads. Testing of deep foundations is conducted to verify the load capacity and structural integrity of deep foundation elements.
This chapter discusses common types of partitions, in particular, gypsum board assemblies, concrete masonry units, glass unit masonry, glazed, and operable partitions, as well as the design of fire‐resistant partitions. Single‐wythe masonry wall construction is common for many applications, both load‐bearing and non‐load‐bearing and Interior and exterior walls. The chapter introduces the basic concepts and terminology encountered when working with interior doors. Non‐reinforced single‐wythe walls are used in interior construction where no loads, including lateral loads, or other forces are anticipated. Interior trim conceals joints between different materials and blocks air infiltration through walls, which typically is greatest at material joints. The chapter also discusses interior construction for toilets and baths, locker rooms, and showers. To determine the appropriate type of interior signage program for an environment, one must have an intimate knowledge of the facility or spaces in which it will be installed.
Of primary importance to the shell of a building is the mediation between the exterior and interior environment. Environmental conditions to be maintained within the building influence the design of the shell. The building shell should be a major part of the sustainable strategy. Walls and other surfaces on or around buildings respond to ambient temperature change, solar radiation, wetting and drying effects from precipitation, and varying cloud cover by either increasing or decreasing in volume and therefore in linear dimension. For residential buildings in cold climates, heat loss through the enclosure may be the largest component of total energy consumption. Buildings must be properly braced to resist racking under wind and seismic loads. Shop‐fabricated wood trusses have been used in building construction since 1953, when the metal connector plate was invented. The chapter examines common floor construction assemblies and common systems used in roof construction.
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