In studies of test bias evaluating the cross-group similarity of factor analytic results, a variety of methods of measuring factorial similarity have been employed. Six of these methods were compared with regard to outcome based on two large data sets, one for an intelligence test and the other for a personality test. All indexes yielded comparable results regardless of whether factors had been derived from subtests of the intelligence test or items of the personality scale. Conclusions would have remained constant in each study regardless of the index employed. When used to compare factors determined at random, all indexes yielded comparable results leading to a conclusion of dissimilarity, though the values of the salient variable similarity index were uncomfortably high.
To evaluate the potential bias (racial and sexual) of items in the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, a scale used in the diagnosis and evaluation of emotional disturbance, a race-by-sex-by-items ANOVA was calculated from the responses of more than 5000 children with a Bonferroni-type adjusted follow-up test to identify specific biased items. Numerous indications of item bias were detected, though the direction of the bias tended to be balanced across groups. The race-by-sex-by-items interaction term, while highly statistically significant (p < .001), accounted for less than 1 percent of score variance.
Educators involved in the production or adaptation of educational materials for the hearing impaired must be concerned with the materials' potential for use in the schools. For example, the greatest filmstrip ever produced would be worthless without the technology intended for its utilization, i.e., the projector. With the current progress being made in the development of microcomputers and software, educators must be able to answer some very basic questions concerning the degree to which this technology is available in the schools prior to curricular development. With this question as a basis, the microcomputer-software survey was developed. A sample of 158 schools for the hearing impaired was chosen, and each was sent a survey designed to assess the extent of the availability of microcomputers and the variety of tasks for which microcomputers are currently being used. Other questions of interest which were addressed include: What models of microcomputers are available, what are the limiting factors for the use of microcomputers and the software, and what adaptations are necessary in currently available software? Responses were obtained from 120 schools representing 45 states. This paper presents the results and a sampling of responses from those schools.
Gifted and average-functioning hearing impaired adolescents were examined for their ability to perceive that still water remains horizontal regardless of the degree to which the container is tilted. The impact of bottle shape and subjects' gender on this perception was also assessed. Gifted students were found to perform better on this task than average functioning students and the straight-sided containers were found to induce more errors than containers with curved sides, particularly among the average functioning. Among the average functioning adolescents, females were found to perform at a slightly lower level than males on some bottle positions. implications of the findings and their similarity or dissimilarity to previous research are discussed.Numerous investigations have examined the cognitive and social characteristics of students defined as academically and intellectually gifted. Gifted children have been found to differ from their age peers in abilities, talents, interests, and psychological maturity (Gallagher, 1975;Marland, 1972; Torrance, 1965). Some differential cognitive characteristics of this population included: knowledge of an extraordinary quantity of information; advanced comprehension; high level
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