This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) Approach: Seven digital creative nascent graduate entrepreneurs were followed for up to five years. Although independently assessed as having promise of business success, they were young and lacked business experience. They were followed through six-monthly semistructured interviews which investigated their business, creative and personal development.The interviews were transcribed and key statements manually coded and extracted for analysis to identify issues, tipping points and outcomes.
This paper presents the results of two parallel investigations of factors affecting graduate employment in small and medium-sized enterprises in the North East of I3ngland. A questionnaire survey indicates that although many graduates expect to leave the Nt~rth East in search ofjobs they would prefer to stay given the opportunity. Interviews with owner-managers of SMEs highlight the factors which mitigate against employing a graduate. The implications of the findings for higher education and industry at a national level are discussed.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to respond to the call by McMullen and Dimov (2013) for a clearer understanding of entrepreneurial journeys by investigating the entrepreneurial capitals and micro-processes of seven young early stage entrepreneurs who all exited their businesses within 3 years of start-up.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analysed empirical data from concurrent in-depth interviews which generated rich longitudinal case studies. Theory-building then led to a proposed “Longitudinal Dynamic Process Framework” of entrepreneurial goals, processes and capitals.FindingsThe framework builds on prior studies by integrating entrepreneurial processes and decisions into two feedback loops based on continuous review and learning. It thereby enhances understanding of the dynamics of new business development and unfolds the early stage ventures entrepreneurs' business exits.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based on a small purposive sample. However, the main implication for research and theory is showing how the entrepreneurial capitals are dynamic and influenced by entrepreneurs' environment, and also separating entrepreneurs' personal issues from their business issues.Practical implicationsThe findings challenge some assumptions of policymakers and offer new insights for practitioners and early stage entrepreneurs. These include having more realistic case-studies of the entrepreneurial journey, recognizing the need to be agile and tenacious to cope with challenges, understanding how capitals can interact in complementary ways and that entrepreneurial processes can be used to leverage them at appropriate stages of the start-ups.Originality/valueThe concurrent longitudinal analysis and theory-building complements extant cross-sectional studies by identifying and analysing the detailed processes of actual business start-ups and exits. The proposed framework thereby adds coherence to earlier studies and helps to explain early stage entrepreneurial development, transformation of capitals and business exit.
Most recent research about entrepreneurial intent (EI) examines EI and its determinants as a one-time event, but whether and how EI is continuously changing during early-stage entrepreneurship has not been adequately addressed. We track the shifts in the EI of young creative sector early-stage entrepreneurs vis-à-vis their changing external circumstances and their developing perceptions of the realities of business start-up. Our findings of 11 established and 10 new determinants of EI contribute to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and guide our appreciation of EI as a dynamic, longitudinal construct, which is the link between intent and realized action. Our findings have profound implications for policy-makers and practitioners, for instance those wishing to help early-stage entrepreneurs to establish businesses when they only possess limited entrepreneurial experience. This research study, therefore, responds to calls for more longitudinal qualitative research into the determinants of EI, entrepreneurial processes, and early business exit.
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