Adult electronic cigarette use is increasing globally and early studies have suggested that similar trends may be observed among the adolescent population, albeit at lower levels. The current literature review presents data collected since 2014 from 21 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study that were all published in English. In particular, it focuses on awareness, ever-use, past 30 day use and regular use of e-cigarettes. The article suggests that adolescents are nearing complete awareness of e-cigarettes. Furthermore, in relation to ever-use and past 30 day use, higher prevalence rates continue to be reported across time, especially in the US.Nonetheless, reported regular use of e-cigarettes remains much lower than past 30 day use, although conclusions are limited due to inconsistencies with measurement and consequent lack of cross-cultural applicability. The majority of studies do not report whether adolescents use non-nicotine electronic cigarettes. There is a current absence of longitudinal studies that explore any association between electronic cigarettes and tobacco use, and little qualitative data that may illuminate how and why adolescents use electronic cigarettes. Through addressing these methodological limitations, future research will be able to inform healthcare and policy more effectively. Keywords: electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vaping, nicotine, adolescents Implications and ContributionThis article provides a rapid review of upwards trends in adolescent awareness and use of ecigarettes. Current research priorities include surveying the extent of non-nicotine e-cigarette use and establishing the direction of any associations between e-cigarette and tobacco use longitudinally. Health practitioner priorities include promoting education strategies regarding what e-cigarettes are and their possible health implications.
The present study depicts the case of a straight, 25 year old, Romanian woman Angela M, who is an individual with a sexual interest in dacryphilia (i.e. she derives sexual pleasure and arousal from crying and/or tears). Asynchronous email interviews were carried out with with Angela M between January 2013 and February 2013 as part of a wider study into dacryphilia. Angela M's interview transcripts comprised rich textual accounts that often made reference to cultural phenomena. Therefore, we apply critical discursive psychology to her data and identify the interpretative repertoires, subject positions, and ideological dilemmas that she uses to construct and negotiate her sexual identity. Our analysis suggests that Angela M draws predominantly upon two interpretative repertoires that construct her sexual interest in dacryphilia both as a performance and as an intellectual activity. However, some tensions exist within these interpretative repertoires, which Angela M negotiates by also constructing her sexual interest as a pathology. We explore the implications of the analysis with reference to postmodern theory and the historical context of a psychiatric tradition that pathologises non-normative sexual interests.Keywords: Dacryphilia; non-normative sexual interests; crying; discursive psychology; online research Dacryphilia is a non-normative sexual interest in which sexual pleasure and arousal is derived from crying and/or tears (reference removed for blind review). We have previously explored three areas of interest that may be relevant to the experience of dacryphilia (reference removed for blind review). These areas comprised those with compassionate, dominant/submissive and curled-lip interests. In the present paper, we analyse the experiences of a participant with compassionate interests in more depth. In particular we apply critical discursive psychology (Edley, 2001) to her interview data in order to generate novel insights concerning how she constructed her non-normative sexual interest in dacryphilia.
Paraphilias are often discussed in the psychological literature as pathological problems, yet relatively little research exists that looks into non-pathological paraphilias (i.e., non-normative sexual interests). Empirical evidence suggests that many individuals incorporate a range of non-normative sexual interests into their sexual lifestyles. Dacryphilia is a non-normative sexual interest that involves enjoyment or arousal from tears and crying, and to date has never been researched empirically. The present study set out to discover the different interests within dacryphilia and explore the range of dacryphilic experience. A set of online interviews was carried out with individuals with dacryphilic preferences and interests (six females and two males) from four countries. The data were analysed for semantic and latent themes using thematic analysis. The respondents' statements focused attention on three distinct areas that may be relevant to the experience of dacryphilia: (i) compassion; (ii) dominance/submission; and (iii) curled-lips. The data provided detailed descriptions of features within all three interests, which are discussed in relation to previous quantitative and qualitative research within emotional crying and tears, and the general area of non-normative sexual interests. The study suggests new directions for potential research both within dacryphilia and with regard to other non-normative sexual interests. dacryphilia; non-normative sexual interests; sexual crying; thematic analysis; online data collection; qualitative research
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