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Stephen Page, Kathryn Nielsen and Richard Goodenough, 'Managing Urban Parks: User Perspectives and Local Leisure Needs in the 1990s', The Service Industries Journal, Vol. 14(2): 216-237, January 1994, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069400000024.Local authorities in Britain have experienced a ???management revolution??? in the 1980s and early 1990s following the Local Government Act (1988), which introduced the concept of internal trading systems and Compulsory Competitive Tendering to achieve a greater efficiency and responsiveness in public service provision. This article examines park-based leisure services in the London Borough of Newham. It argues that, in spite of the management revolution, local leisure needs are not sufficiently targeted to deliver these services to local communities. The paper concludes that greater attention needs to be directed towards park-based management plans to meet local leisure needs. ?? 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

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In July 1978 the California Legislature passed a far-reaching and controversial law, popularly known as Proposition 13, which greatly reduces the State revenue from property taxes. This article examines the reasons for the growing discontent with property taxation which has received nationwide support in recent years. Major changes in property taxation under Proposition 13 are reviewed and the implications of a declining property tax base are assessed for cities, counties and special districts in California. Proposition 13 has clearly resulted in a serious reduction of some services and the elimination of others depending on the priority which local governments give to the various services. There is also a trend for local governments to ensure that charges for services now reflect the true cost of providing them. Although individual home-owners and businessmen have benefited considerably from reduced property taxes, the full impact of the revenue loss on programmes of local government spending has still to be felt because of the support funds supplied by the State Treasury. These funds have effectively shifted the tax burden from a local to a State level and temporarily delayed the time when local governments must come to terms with the real and very substantial revenue loss mandated by Proposition 13.