EOND is an appropriate treatment technique for patients with TON in whom high-dose steroid treatment has failed.

The endoscopic approach may be used to successfully decompress the optic nerve in traumatic blindness.

This study sought to determine the relative sensitivity of two commercially available glare testers in predicting outdoor acuity in a population of patients with minimal cataracts. Two target optotypes were evaluated: high contrast letters and varying contrast sinusoidal gratings. Although both instruments demonstrated a significant correlation between indoor and outdoor acuity, they showed a significant difference between predicted outdoor acuity and obtained visual acuity. The brightness acuity tester on high intensity was inaccurate in predicting outdoor vision regardless of test optotype, overpredicting glare disability in 76% (average) of the study population. Glare disability overpredictions fell to 8% on the medium setting with +/- 2 lines of vision classified as "no change." Using the same criterion, the Miller-Nadler glare tester overpredicted glare disability in 2% of the cataract population but underpredicted glare disability in 62%. In this study, letter optotypes resulted in less variability than sinusoidal grating stimuli. In addition, we identify several methodological factors to consider before designing a glare experiment. These potential sources of error can influence the outcome of any glare study that compares indoor and outdoor acuity and include the study population, visual stimuli (optotypes), and elements of the outdoor testing situation.

In 1997, the U.I.C.C. (International Union against Cancer) modified the previous TNM stage grouping published in 1987. In the present study, TANIS and TNM '97 systems were compared in order to evaluate their prognostic ability. Data from 164 patients affected by primary squamous cell carcinoma cancers of the oral cavity (n=100) and oropharynx (n=64) were analyzed by means of survival analyses. Both systems showed a significant correlation with survival rate. TANIS yielded better results in association with the survival rate as compared with TNM '97.

Both systems showed a significant correlation with the survival rate. TANIS advanced subcategories were better correlated with the mortality rate than TNM stages IVa and IVb. Again, in the final statistical model, TANIS was more highly correlated with survival rate than TNM.