For women, the most dominant type of cancer is breast cancer and perhaps one of the most recognizedreasons of death. This is a disorder of many distinct traits, many of which are known as positive hormone receptor, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2+), and three negative breast cancers (TNBC). Drugs that directly target and kill tumors constitute a rapidly-growing form of molecular therapy for cancer patients. Analysis reveals that stable breast tissue cells exhibit receptors which aren't usually present. As a result, it is imperative to cognize the molecular roots of breast cancer and the myriad compromised pathology-related processes and pathways to ensure progresses in early diagnosis and prevention. This study demonstrates essential cellular pathways relevant for breast cancer including improvements in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone balances in breast tissues. On the basis of these notions, we consider how breast cancer is associated to the creation of potentially therapeutic interventions and predictive biomarkers.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are blood borne pathogens that can be transmitted through sexual contact, vertical transmission, and could pose great danger in healthcare delivery. Prevalence of co-infection of HIV, HBsAg and HCV was determined in pregnant women of African descent. One hundred (100) pregnant women of African descent were used for the study having obtained their consent and approval by the Research and Ethics committee. The screening and confirmatory tests were done using double check gold and Immunocomb II respectively while HBsAg and HCV were determined with one step test strip. Out of the one hundred (100) subjects studied, the prevalence rate was noted as 15%, 6% and 2% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV respectively. Co-infection of HIV and HBsAg was more prevalent, followed by co-infection of HIV and HCV and lastly co-infection of HBsAg and HCV. The age group of 25-29 years tested positive to HIV, HBsAg and HCV. All other age groups tested positive to HIV and either HBsAg or HCV while age group of 20-24 years tested positive to only HIV and negative to both HBsAg and HCV. Though these rates might be lower compared to previous studies, counseling and enlightenment campaigns should be sustained especially on the mode of transmission, prevention and management of these diseases. Government should ensure that compulsory screening for pregnant women is available and affordable at all levels.

This study was carried out to evaluate catalase and manganese in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 40 subjects Were included in this study. This comprised of equal number of male and female subjects respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for this study. The result showed that there is a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the fasting blood sugar level of male diabetics (11.3±3.1) when compared with male non diabetics (4.0±0.4), and female diabetics (9.4±0.8) when compared with female non-diabetics (3.8±0.3). There is no significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean catalase value of male diabetics (77.3±137.7) when compared with male (256.3±207.6) and female non diabetics (225.1±233.9) But there is significant increase in female diabetics (27.8±14.7) when compared with controls (77.3±137.7) and female non diabetics (225.1±233.9).There is also significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean Manganese value of male diabetics (0.5±0.6) when compared with male non diabetics (0.9±0.3) and female diabetic(0.2±0.1) when compared with female non-diabetics (0.3±0.1).The result shows that serum catalase level and manganese is decreased in diabetic patients. It is therefore suggested that type 2 diabetes patient should consume meals and supplement rich in catalase and manganese.

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem, it increases heart-related diseases and its prevalence continues to increase due to genetic and lifestyle influences. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters of obese individuals based on gender in the Omisanjana region of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The research is based on a cross-sectional study of obese and non-obese individuals in hospitals. The study was carried out in the Omisanjana area of ​​Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and participated in the study. The data are shown in the table and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are analyzed using the Student's t test of the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS, version 20.0), and the level of significance is established at p≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant difference in PCV (p=0.3783), WBC (p=0.501), LYM (p=0.149), GRAN (p=0.336), MID (p=0.242), ,RBC (p=0.243), HGB (p=0.086), HCT (p=0.323), MCV (p=0.943), MCH p=0.097), MCHC (p=0.922), PLT (p=0.941), when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on sex respectively. Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant changes, and it may be because there are no significant changes in the physiological factors and the growth factors of the precursor cells in the bone marrow, so the body mass index (BMI) has no effect on hematological parameters.

Moringa oleifera leaf have been used for treatment of diabetes, in this work we studied pancreatic gene expression, trace elements, enzymatic antioxidants, kidney injury biomarkers in streptozocin induced diabetic rats treated with M. oleifera  leaf powder and molecular ducking of M. oleifera  leaf ethanolic, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous extracts phytochemicals into protein bank, focusing on the ligands that possesses inhibitory affinity closer to the co-crystalline ligands of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4, for detection of active polyphenols that aid glucose reduction. Molecular docking methods used for predicting binding modes to proteins and energies of ligands [1]. Using the Autodock vina program compiled under Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, the compounds were docked into the target protein to get the respective binding affinity.  The proteins were viewed on pymol to show the amino acid sequence and the co-crystallized ligandsStevioside Stigmaste, γ-Sitosterol and Campesterol has affinity energy (-6.893,-5.500, -5.294, -5.260) respectively, close to the co-ligand of α-amylase (-7.811). 2-Butyloxycarbonyloxy-1 has affinity energy (-5.583) closer to the co-ligand of DPP-4 (-6.102). Butanoic acid has affinity energy (-4.239) close to the co-ligand of α-glucosidase (-6.488). Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract contains 24 compounds; hexane extract contains 22 compounds while aqueous extract contains only 6 compounds.