Health care costs are continuously increasing. Multiple myeloma represents approximately 1% of all malignancies and the 5-year prevalence is 230,000 patients on average. In addition, there is an annual incidence of 3.8/100,000 in Slovakia. In total economic burden assessment, it is important to focus not only on direct but also on indirect costs, including the lost productivity due to premature death. Based on the data and information obtained from the key stakeholders the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor, the Social Insurance Agency, and NCZI, we provided the assessment of direct and indirect costs. The total cost of the disease for the model patient represents 409, from the diagnosis of MM to death. The major cost burden is associated with the treatment, 155,645 o premature death, 127,-of-illness studies provide an important view on the total burden of the disease in specific areas and are necessary for adequate decision-making process from the regulatory and reimbursement perspective. Key words: multiple myeloma; cost-of-illness; direct costs; indirect costs; burden of disease The expenses on healthcare are constantly rising. The protocols for diagnostics and treatment of variety of diseases are more sophisticated, containing various possibilities of medical imaging, new surgical practices, new drugs and all this together leads to continual increases in costs. Diagnostics and treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) represents no exception [1]. Worldwide, the MM accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and is the 2nd most common hematologic malignancy with an estimated 24,280 to 30,330 new cases and 12,650 deaths to occur for 2016 [2-5]. Additionally, the 5-year prevalence is approximately 230,000 patients [6]. In the Western world, the age-standardized incidence has been reported to be approximately 5 cases/100,000 [7, 8]. The median age of patients at diagnosis is approximately 66-70 years with 37% of patients being younger than 65 years of age [3, 9]. MM is extremely rare in those less than
The aim of our work was to analyse the tendencies of hospitalization in the palliative care wards and trends in the consumption of analgesics prescribed by geriatrics. Analysed was the consumption of 21,302 most common diagnoses in the hospitalized patients at palliative care wards in the period from 1/2016 to 12/2017. The data were based on the request provided by Všeobecnázdravotnápoisťovňa, a.s. (health insurance company). In the trend analysis was used APC (annual percentage change indicator), and for statistic analysis was used IBM SPSS Statistics. Further was analysed the consumption of 12,888 of the most commonly prescribed analgesics by geriatrics in the period from 1/2016 to 12/2017. In 2017 was found the significant decrease in hospitalized patients in palliative care wards with the diagnoses as follows: tumours (APC -22.9 %), mental and behavioural disorders (APC -4.6 %), disorders of nervous system (APC -26.3 %), skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (APC -35.1 %), respiratory disorders (APC -35.4 %), shoulder and arm fractures (APC -25.6 %), multiple area injuries (APC -54, 5 %) and later consequences of lower limb injuries (APC -58.3 %). The aging of the population brings a great challenge to ensure the adequate financial, human and other material resources to ensure the sufficient economic productivity and promote the status of active aging in the context of human dignity and fundamental principles of humanism that should not disappear from our society. Key words: demography; noncommunicable diseases; palliative care; population ageing; public health.
Objective: The aim was the evaluation of the most common diagnoses in hospitalized patients in palliative care in Slovakia, 2016-2017. Design: Descriptive study. Participants: We analyzed 8,404 hospitalized patients in palliative care.
Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of analgesic drugs prescription as an epidemiological indicator of average annual percentage change (AAPC) in geriatric and palliative patients in the period 2016-2017. Design: Descriptive study. Participants: Geriatric and palliative patients.
OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients is 25.6% and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is approximately 0.17% per year in Turkey. In this study, the aim was to calculate the direct annual medical cost of AMI due to T2DM from the national healthcare payer's (SSI) perspective. METHODS: According to the cost of illness methodology, direct annual costs were calculated for T2DM-induced AMI. Local epidemiological data and unit costs of individual health sources were used. Comorbidities, complications, and adverse effects from treatments were included in the AMI cost and weighted by frequency of incidence. Purchasing power parity was used as currency ($PPP1¼1.37 TL; OECD2017). RESULTS: Coronary angiography was the method of scanning in 90% of cases in Turkey; 67% of the patients received a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 6% underwent coronary by-pass grafting (CABG). Thrombolytic treatment was given in 27% of cases. The mean PCI cost was $2,587.0. The mean cost of CABG procedure was $5,467.8. The AMI annual mean cost per person was $6,044.6 and the annual monitoring cost for CAD for subsequent years was $895.1. AMI disease cost consisted of 49.0% medical intervention costs, 22.2% hospital costs and 12.5% medication costs. The remainder was formed of 6.4% for comorbidities, 4.8% for follow-up, and 4.7% for complications. Medication constituted 85% of the cost for subsequent years. CONCLUSIONS: In Turkey, 1,983,154 T2DM patients have CAD and 13,170 T2DM patients develop an AMI. The cost of an AMI was $79,607,897 and the yearly cost of CAD was $1,854,677,923 due to T2DM. T2DM-induced AMI carries an annual cost of $1.8 billion, which represents a major economic burden. OBJECTIVES:Intensive glycemic control reduces the long-term incidence of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), however, also reported that intensive control increased severe hypoglycemia incidence over threefold relative to conventionally-managed patients. The present study objective was to use a modern simulation model of T1D to evaluate the relationship between improved glycemic control, severe hypoglycemia incidence, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) and costs of treating complications of diabetes. METHODS: The PRIME Diabetes Model was used to make long-term (50 year) projections in a simulated cohort of patients with T1D. Severe hypoglycemic event rates corresponding to different levels of glycemic control were based on a DCCT Poisson regression model. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between 6.9% and 8.9% were investigated, with 6.9% representing the "nadir" reached in the intensively-treated DCCT cohort. The DCCT baseline of 9.1% was also analyzed. Costs were reported from a US payer perspective in 2018 US dollars, and future costs and effects were discounted at 3% per annum. RESULTS: In patients seeking to minimize the risk of severe hypoglycemia over maintaining tight glycemic control, HbA1c ...
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