Two studies of the stereopsis model of Richards were conducted using a between-subjects balanced design and a repeated trials procedure rather than the within-subjects procedure of Richards. Measures of the accuracy of discrimination between classes of retinal disparity were defined by the method of successive intervals in place of the d' index of SDT. The results support the predictions (1) of symmetric discrimination functions for convergent and divergent stimuli, (2) of greater discrimination for stimuli of 45 min of retinal disparity than for the stimuli of 15 min disparity, (3)of greater variability for the stimuli of greater disparity, and (4) of the use by nonanomalous subjects of at least two different processing mechanisms for stimuli of different disparity classes. The results do not support the prediction (I] of different processing mechanisms for foveal stimuli differing in figure-ground contrast or (2) of greater usefulness for monocular stimuli as a null disparity reference condition, as compared with binocular null disparity stimuli. Similar results were found for two stimulus shapes, a bar and a disk of equal area. Unreliability of subjects' response systems was suggested as a factor in the prediction of figure-ground contrast changes and as a factor in the classification of subjects as stereo anomalous. The pattern of accuracy of discrimination between classes of disparity stimuli also raises questions of the adequacy of the simple stereopsis model.
Nuisance or unwanted calls have always been a problem to subscribers of phone services. One possible solution is a network based service that allows subscribers to control the calls they receive by using a call acceptance list. When the call acceptance list is activated, all callers not on the list would be automatically routed to a voice messaging system. Those callers on the list would be allowed to ring the subscriber's telephone. This study assessed the effectiveness of call acceptance lists in reducing unwanted telephone calls. Participants used a prototype telephone-based interface to establish a list of telephone numbers from which they would always accept calls. At the same time, they logged each of their incoming calls in a diary, recording the telephone number that originated the call, and whether they wished to receive the call. The call acceptance list significantly reduced the number of unwanted calls from 12% to 1%. However, this list also substantially reduced the number of wanted calls answered by the subscriber from 88% to 33%. Although a call acceptance list appears to be effective in blocking unwanted calls from reaching the subscriber, the list would also route a substantial number of wanted calls to voice messaging. If the majority of the calls are wanted, the results of this experiment suggest that a call rejection list would be a more effective method for preventing unwanted calls. Fewer wanted calls would be rejected while preventing unwanted calls from ringing through.
This study was designed to develop a methodology for measuring economic satisfaction and showing how individuals form intuitive impressions of economic satisfaction. Hypothetical economic situations were created by factorially manipulating salary level, raise, and inflation rate. Subjects rated each situation on an impersonal scale of financial well-being for a person in that situation and on a scale of personal satisfaction. Responses differed on the two scales. Ratings of personal satisfaction were lower than ratings of financial well-being, showing that individuals set higher standards for personal satisfaction. The factors of raise and inflation rate each played a more important role in rating personal satisfaction than in rating financial well-being, showing that these variables have special personal significance. The special significance of these factors is discussed.
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