This essay argues for civility's vital place in contemporary urban life. Contrary to many critics who see civility as a conservative or nostalgic virtue deployed to repress difference and frustrate social change, it is argued that civility should be understood as democratic, pluralistic and premised on a sense of moral equality. Civility's most obvious contribution is functional-in easing social conflicts and facilitating social interactions in a complex and diverse market society. However, there is also and maybe more importantly an intrinsic moral value to civility. Observing the formal conditions of civility is one of the ways in which we communicate respect for others and generate habits of moral equality in the everyday life of a democracy.
in the past has concentrated primarily on correlating physiological patterns with the psychological states or emotional reactions in one individual. 4 -7~12 It has always been assumed that the situation in which the individual finds himself is a contributing or modifying influence in the physiological reactions obtained. Recent studies in our laboratory have attempted to correlate the psychophysiological interactions of two individuals-psychiatrist and patient-during the psychotherapeutic interview. 3 ' 13 These investigations, broadly speaking, open up a fascinating new territory for exploration-the field of "interpersonal physiology."Previous studies revealed correlations between autonomic physiological data and the psychotherapeutic interaction (i.e., spontaneous emotional reactions) 2 ' 5 as systematically categorized by the Bales' system of Interaction Process Analysis.* 1
Adverse side effects of the medications used to treat the symptoms of psychoses often include sedation and decreased metabolism, leading to rapid weight gain (Wilson 2008). This weight gain can lead to problems with an individual's health, wellbeing and quality of life (World Health Organization [WHO] 2010) and ability to perform necessary daily occupations (Wilson 2010). This is especially problematic for individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system. It can be difficult to address their rapid weight gain when they are incarcerated, because physical, legal and institutional barriers prevent them from accessing exercising opportunities that are available in the general community. Additionally, negative symptoms of mental illness, such as avolition, further make it difficult for these forensic mental health patients to be motivated to participate in physical activity (Wilson 2008). The challenge for occupational therapists is to find a better match between the person, environment and occupation (Townsend and Polatajko 2007) in this scenario, in order to assist forensic mental health patients to participate in exercise within a secure setting, to improve their health and wellbeing, and potentially to assist them to lose weight. Virtual reality technologies, and specifically the Nintendo Wii system, are being investigated for their potential use in rehabilitation to assist in meeting
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