A provenance test of 49 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus syIvestris L.) from eastern Europe, Russia, and Siberia was established in two plantations in north-central North Dakota. After 22 years, trees from seed sources within the region bounded by 20 0 to 57 0 east longitude and 50 0 to 58 0 north latitude were taller, and larger in diameter, and had denser crowns and greener winter foliage. Total height at age 5 and age 10 was highly correlated with total height at age 22, indicating that selection at an early age (5-10 years) may be possible in Scots pine breeding programs.Keywords: windbreaks, shelterbelts, seed sources, varieties, selection, crown density, winter foliage color, geographic variation, Pinus syIvestris L.
'Cunningham is at the Northern Great Plains
At age 10, 100% of eastern redcedar (L.) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Sarg.) trees from several seed sources throughout the Great Plains had survived. Seed sources from southeastern Texas had the poorest survival. Eastern redcedar trees from Kansas seed sources grew tallest, and trees from Montana and southeastern Texas seed sources were the shortest. Rocky Mountain juniper trees survived better, were shorter, had smaller crowns, exhibited greater damage from Cercospora blight ((Ellis and Everh.) Sutton and Hodges, formerly var.) and Kabatina tip blight (Schneider and V. Am) and less damage from cedar-apple rust than did eastern redcedar trees. Eastern redcedar trees were larger, had more horizontal branching, and exhibited a greater incidence of cedar-apple rust and bagworm. In the northern Great Plains, trees from seed sources 1 to 4 " latitude south of each test site survived best and grew the tallest. In the central Great Plains, trees from seed sources from 1 to 4 " latitude north of each test site survived best, while those from 4 " latitude north and 6 " longitude east grew the tallest. Cluster analyses differentiated groups of seed sources that performed in a similar manner in terms of survival, height, and crown characteristics. Although most clusters were composed of seed sources from the same species and geographic area, one cluster contained seed sources of both species and ranked near the median for most traits. Agelage correlations indicated that seed sources may be successfully selected for good survival and fast growth rate at age 5.
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