Aim To present the combined use of CBCT images and new endodontic software to identify and then facilitate the location and treatment of a canal in an unusually placed second mesio-buccal root of a maxillary left second molar. Summary A 45-year-old female was referred for root canal treatment on her maxillary left second molar tooth (tooth 27). Due to superimposition of the third molar and the position of the tooth that made conventional radiographs unhelpful, a pre-operative limited FOV, Low-Dose Technology™ CBCT image was taken with an OP-300 Maxio™ device (Instrumentarium, Helsinki, Finland). The CBCT images were then imported and analyzed using 3D Endo™ Software (Dentsply Sirona, Wels bei Salzburg, Austria). Within the software, the canal orifices and foramina were located and identified on the display, which allowed the software to automatically reveal and measure the pathway of each canal, which was traced and viewed in both frontal and mesial perspectives. The images revealed the presence of a separate second mesiobuccal root that contained one canal. Root canal treatment was then performed using the information derived from the software. The orifice of the canal in the second MB root was located in an unusual position: 5.99 mm palatally to the main MB canal and 7.57 mm medially from the palatal canal. An immediate post-operative limited FOV, low-dose CBCT was taken to assess the quality of the root filling. After one year the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographic examination revealed no sign of periapical pathosis.
Both recent progresses reached in molecular genetics and “Genoma Umano” project have collected positive results for the identication of those different genes involved in pathogenesis of human race pathologies. Just like any other medicine branch, dentistry could prot from molecular biology recent progresses, showing several answers to unknown questions. This knowledge also concerns genesis of pathologies interesting tissues (enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum), teeth formation and development. Our work aims at verifying, by means of a literature review, the current knowledge and the state of art of dental agenesis molecular bases, in order to better understand the etiopathogenetic role of inheritance and transmission of hypodontia. Our literature review elaborates on dental agenesis biomolecular bases, in order to group in one review all the new ndings in genetic eld about dental anomalies, attempting to give the clinician more information to make easier to manage one of the most discussed surgical dental pathology.
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