The main objectives of the present study were to validate a Portuguese version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device-Self-Report and to evaluate the predictive importance of some constructs in discriminating between inmate delinquent youth and community youth. With a total of 760 participants, male (n = 543) and female (n = 217), divided in an inmate forensic sample (n = 250) and a community sample (n = 510), the authors were able to demonstrate psychometric properties that justify its use with the Portuguese juvenile population, in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, convergent validity, divergent validity, concurrent validity, and cutoff score. The predictive importance of psychopathic traits, self-reported delinquent behavior, and behavior problems on the prediction of sample membership (forensic vs. community) was established by binary logistic regression.
SynopsisTo be efficacious and to satisfy the requirements for claim substantiation, a cosmetic formulation must achieve effective targeting of an active in the skin. Although the basic principles governing the skin permeation and disposition of molecules have been known for many years, attention has been far less focused on the role of the vehicle, particularly at cosmetically relevant doses. In this article, we discuss the necessity to understand the fate of the formulation components as well as the active once applied onto skin. Recent data confirm that the residence time of the formulation constituents can have a profound impact on the fate of the active. Approaches to identify the ideal vehicle for skin delivery are considered critically, specifically the recent work on 'formulating for efficacy' (FFE) by the late Johann Wiechers. Essentially, FFE aims to match the active with the optimal vehicle for skin delivery based on matching polarity/solubility values of the trinity of skin, active and vehicle. The emerging importance of techniques that provide insight to how the vehicle distributes in and on skin is highlighted.
Ré suméPour être efficace et pour satisfaire aux exigences de justification des revendications, une formulation cosmétique doit assurer un ciblage efficace des 'actifs' dans la peau. Bien que les principes fondamentaux qui régissent la diffusion et la disposition des molécules dans la peau soient connus depuis de nombreuses années, beaucoup moins d'attention a été portée sur le rôle du véhicule, en particulier à des doses pertinentes en cosmétique. Dans cet article nous discutons de la nécessité de comprendre le sort des composants de la formulation, ainsi que celui de l' 'actif' une fois appliqué sur la peau. Des données récentes confirment que le temps de séjour cutané des constituants de la formulation peut avoir un impact profond sur le sort de la 'actif'. Les approches visant à identifier le véhicule idéal pour livrer le ou les 'actifs' à la peau sont discutées et analysées, en particulier le travail récent de feu Johann Wiechers sur le concept 'formulating for efficacy' (FFE). Essentiellement, FFE vise à faire correspondre l' 'actif' avec le véhicule pour un apport optimal à la peau, en se fondant sur la complémentarité des valeurs de polarité/solubilité du trio 'peau, actif et véhicule'. L'importance croissante des techniques qui permettent de mieux comprendre la façon dont le véhicule distribue ses composants dans et sur la peau est surlignée ici.
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