Observational evidence of an effect of live vegetation moisture content on fire spread rate remains extremely scarce despite the significance of fire activity in fuel complexes dominated by live components. This study assessed the moisture content effect of quasi-live fuels on fire spread rates measured in laboratory experiments. Fuel beds were built by vertically placing vegetation clippings to reproduce the natural upright fuel structure. The fuel drying process during storage resulted in a wide moisture content range (13–180%). An exponential damping function was fitted to rate of spread observations in four fuel types, indicating that rate of spread is halved by an increase in live moisture content from 50 to 180%. This effect, especially at higher moisture contents, was weaker than that predicted by theoretical formulations and from studies in mixtures of dead and live fuel.
A 72-year-old man presented to our gastroenterology outpatient clinic with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and past episodes of transient small-bowel obstruction. A computed tomography (CT) enterogram revealed a large, pedunculated subepithelial polyp in the distal ileum (• " Fig. 1). A decision was made to proceed to endoscopic treatment of the polyp because of its dimensions and the obstructive symptoms it was causing. Ileal intubation was achieved using a SIF-Q180 enteroscope (Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) and a subepithelial, pedunculated, yellow tumor with an endoscopic appearance compatible with a lipoma was identified in the distal ileum. A 30-mm Endoloop (MAJ-254; Olympus) was tightened around the tumor base until there was evidence of mucosal congestion (• " Fig. 2; • " Video 1). A second enteroscopy was performed 4 weeks later, which confirmed that the polyp had been completely resected (• " Fig. 3
Video 1Balloon-assisted enteroscopy showing a large, pedunculated lipoma being treated by the "loop-and-let-go" technique.
UCTN -Unusual cases and technical notes E176Veloso R et al. Enteroscopic "loop-and-let-go" ligation of an ileal lipoma … Endoscopy 2012; 44: E176 This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited.
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