The principal aim of this article is to discuss the possible senses of humanization in the

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The present work attemps to offer a brief theoretical systematization of the communicational dimensions involved in the practice of health, by discriminating four large models or interpretative schemes: 1) "unilenar"; 2) "dialogical"; 3) "structural"; 4) "diagrammatic". The theoretical practical performance of the three first models is analysed taking into account the proposals actually implemented under the conceptual inspiration provided by each of them. The fourth model is a new theoretical apport to the field and its borders and limits for the act of thinking/ acting in communication and health which are here in preliminarily essayed. KEY WORDS: Models, theoretical; communication; health education; public health practices. O presente trabalho procura oferecer uma breve sistematização teórica sobre as dimensões comunicacionais envolvidas nas práticas de saúde, discriminando quatro grandes modelos ou esquemas de interpretação: 1) "unilateral"; 2) "dialógico"; 3) "estrutural"; 4) "diagramático". Os três primeiros modelos são analisados em seus desempenhos teórico-práticos, levando-se em conta as propostas efetivamente implementadas sob a inspiração conceitual de cada um deles. O quarto modelo constitui um novo aporte teórico ao campo e seus alcances e limites para o pensar/agir em comunicação e saúde são, aqui, preliminarmente ensaiados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Modelos teóricos; comunicação; educação em saúde; práticas de saúde pública.

management, Parents of kids with cancer initiative of the Saarland (Elterninitiative Krebskranker Kinder im Saarland e.V., Germany) for continuous data management of GPOH-centres.We thank all of the clinicians and families who participated in this study at all centers across 28 countries and all of the national childhood cancer groups for their support, in particular the Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant (SFCE), Gesellschaft fur Paediatrische Onkologie und Haematologie (GPOH), Children's Cancer and Leukemia Group (CCLG), Spanish

Esophageal cancer is among the most common and fatal tumors in the world. Eighty percent of esophageal tumors are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Brazil is one of the high incidence areas in the West, where tobacco and alcohol consumption have been associated with ESCC. However, polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes may also contribute to the risk. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the risk of ESCC associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption and with polymorphisms of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*2), CYP2E1 (CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6), GSTP1 (Ile105Val), GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in 126 cases and 252 age- and gender-matched controls. Data on the amount, length and type of tobacco and alcohol consumed were collected, and DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes from all individuals. Polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-multiplex (GSTM1 and T1), PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (CYP2E1*5B and *6 and GSTP1 Ile105Val) or allele-specific PCR amplification (CYP2A6*2). Risks were evaluated by multivariate conditional regression analysis. As expected, tobacco [odds ratio (OR) = 6.71, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.08-14.63] and alcohol (OR = 16.98, CI 7.8-36.98) consumption, independently or together (OR = 26.91, CI 13.39-54.05) were risk factors. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was an independent risk factor (OR = 2.12, CI 1.37-3.29), whereas GSTT1 wild-type was an independent protective factor for ESCC (OR = 0.37, CI 0.16-0.79). There was approximately 80% statistical power to detect both results. There was no risk associated with CYP2A6, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms. In conclusion, this study suggests an opposite role of GSTP1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms for the risk for ESCC.

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p53 expression in Wilms tumor detected by immunohistochemistry seems to be associated with advanced disease and relapse.

Through a critical review of the literature on education for diabetes self-care and self-management, it was sought to point out the inappropriateness of traditional approaches towards compliance with treatment and transmission of information, considering the complexity of self-care under chronic conditions. The influence of the social sciences on the field of studies on chronic degenerative diseases in general, and diabetes in particular, was explored. From this perspective, it can be recognized that the fields of anthropology and sociology have been incorporated into research focusing more on individuals as patients, and on the experience gained through this process. Recently, there has been a slight change within the field of health education research relating to diabetes, with the introduction of strategies that seek to value the experience and autonomy of patients as self-care agents. This paper discusses the strategy for empowerment in education for diabetes self-care and self-management, as a dialogue-focused practice that respects patients' moral and cognitive autonomy.