Bovine milk undergoes changes in its ganglioside contents during the different stages of lactation. These contents are higher in colostrum (7.5 mg of lipid-bound Neu Ac/kg) than in transitional (2.3 mg) or mature (1.4 mg) milk. The sialic acid content of milk follows a similar profile to that of gangliosides with the highest content during the first few days post partum followed by a gradual decrease towards the end of the period studied. When the individual distribution of gangliosides was examined throughout the course of lactation, several changes were also found. G D3 is the major ganglioside (about 60-70%) found; its content decreases from the first to the fith day, increasing towards the end of the period considered. G M3 , G D 3 and GTS, sialyllactosylceramide-containing gangliosides account for 80-90% of the total lipid-bound Neu Ac content. The most striking change in the ganglioside pattern was the gradual increase in G 3 . Ganglioside in der Kuhmilch: Änderungen des Gehaltes und der Verteilung einzelner Ganglioside während der LaktationZusammenfassung: Der Gangliosidgehalt von Kuhmilch ändert sich während der verschiedenen Phasen der Laktation. Die Gehalte sind im Kolostrum (7.5 mg lipidgebundene Neu Ac/kg) höher als in Über-gangsmilch (2.3 mg) oder in reifer Milch (1.4 mg). Der Sialinsäuregehalt der Milch geht dem der Ganglioside etwa parallel, mit dem höchsten Gehalt wäh-rend der ersten Tage post partum, gefolgt von einem langsamen Abfall bis zum Ende der Versuchszeit. Bei Untersuchung der Verteilung einzelner Ganglioside während der Laktation wurden verschiedene Verän-derungen beobachtet. Das vorherrschende Gangliosid ist G D3 (60-70%); sein Gehalt nimmt vom 1. bis zum 5. Tag ab und steigt gegen Ende der Versuchszeit wieder an. Die Sialyllactosylceramid enthaltenden Ganglioside G M3 , G D3 und Gj 3 sind für 80-90% aller lipidgebundenen Neu Ac verantwortlich. Die auf fäl-ligste Veränderung war der graduelle Anstieg von G 3 .

The content and distribution of gangliosides, and total lipid content, were studied in human milk samples from different periods of lactation. We found a significant correlation (r = 0.5564; p = 0.0165) between ganglioside and total lipid contents. There was a selective change in the relative concentrations of GD3 and GM3 during lactation. The most abundant ganglioside in samples from the first three weeks of lactation was GD3, whereas after the first month, GM3 was the major ganglioside. In addition to GD3 and GM3, previously known to be present in human milk, we detected several previously unreported highly polar gangliosides.

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