RESUMO A cada ano são descobertos e utilizados novos produtos para o tratamento de sementesna cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merril), visando aumentos de produção. Há a necessidade de conhecer a influência desses produtos sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas, a fim de obter sucesso na atividade. O objetivo do
This study aims to verify, accurate and precisely, the responses of Italian ryegrass 'BRS
The aerial part distribution and arrangement can significantly affect the forage resource's use, both for the leaves and seeds harvesting. This work aimed to verify the structure derived from different times of pasture use and the subsequent seeds production in a long-cycle ryegrass cultivar. Weekly assessments of number and length of living leaves, elongation of the internodes, tillering, plants' height, structural components (leaf, stem, flower, and dead material), seeds yields components, and seeds yield, to determine the pasture structure along its production cycle. The ryegrass cv BRS Ponteio pasture had its structure significantly modified just after 150 days (thermal sum: 1303 degrees-days) from seeding without the defoliation. Defoliation during the vegetative period did not alter the plants' structure until the seeds' production.Defoliation just after the beginning of the internodes' elongation caused a significant tillering growth, which maintained the high seeds production potential, without plants lodging, besides promoting a more significant leaves harvesting.Subsequent pasture use determined predominant stems and flower harvesting, compared to the leaves, and the significant reduction of the production seeds and potential seeds production.
This study determined the effect of different defoliation frequencies in a long-cycle ryegrass cultivar on yield components and the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds. Four defoliation frequencies were applied (without, one, two, and three defoliations). The time between defoliations was 350 degree-days. At the first, second, and third defoliation time, the plants were 15 cm, 20 cm, and 35 cm, respectively, and were lowered to half their height. The yield components and plant structure were evaluated through the tillers, along with the physiological quality of the seeds, which was verified by germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging, tetrazolium test, field emergence, and weight of a thousand seeds. For the sanitary quality analysis, the percentage (%) of fungi incidence in the seeds was verified. The second defoliation determined the seeds’ high physiological and sanitary quality due to the higher amount of primary and secondary tillers produced concerning the other treatments. However, there was no significant difference for the third defoliation since the aerial tillers issued the same quality of seeds originated from primary and secondary tillers. The average incidence of fungi such as Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., and Dreshslera spp. was lower in ryegrass plants subjected to three defoliations.
R E S U M ONo Brasil, de entre as espécies de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais utilizadas para pastagens, que se reproduzem por sementes, destaca-se o milheto como promissor pela sua ampla adaptação a diferentes tipos de clima, inclusivé o da região sul do país. Geralmente, os inseticidas e fungicidas são avaliados quanto à eficiência no controle de pragas e doenças, todavia, alguns podem provocar efeitos ainda pouco conhecidos, nomeadamente a capacidade de modificar o metabolismo e a morfologia vegetal (bioativador). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do inseticida tiametoxam no comportamento fisiológico de sementes de milheto. Foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de milheto, e as concentrações do produto 100; 200; 300 e 400 ml de tiametoxam para 100 kg de sementes; também se analisou a não aplicação do inseticida. Para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram conduzidos os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e germinação final, teste de frio, teste de envelhecimento acelerado e testes de comprimento de plântula (parte aérea e radical). Verificou-se que o produto tiametoxam estimula o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de milheto, com intensidade variável de acordo com o lote. Doses de 210 a 230 ml de produto por 100 kg de semente mostram maior eficiência ao favorecer o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de milheto.Palavras-chave: espécie forrageira, inseticida, bioativador, vigor, milheto. A B S T R A C TIn Brazil, among the species of tropical grasses used for pasture establishment, which reproduce by seeds, millet stands out as promising due to its wide adaptability to various types of climate, including the country's southern region. Generally, insecticides and fungicides have been evaluated for efficiency control of pests and diseases, however, may cause some effects which are still poorly understood, including the ability to modify the metabolism and plant morphology (bioactivator). The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of the thiamethoxan millet seeds. We used three batches of millet seeds, and concentrations of the product 0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 ml of thiamethoxan to 100 kg of seeds. To evaluate the physiological quality of seeds were carried by first germination and end germination test, cold test, accelerated aging test and seedling length test (shoots and roots). The product thiamethoxan stimulates the physiological performance of millet seeds, with variable intensity according to batch. From 210 to 230 ml of product per 100 kg of seed were more effective in promoting the expression of the physiological performance of millet seeds.
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