Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematologic disease in children with an incidence of 0.2/100,000 under 20 years of age. This article reports the case of an infant with AIHA in which blood transfusions were not necessary, and performs a brief literature review of this rare disease in children. A 5-month-old infant was with a 9-day fever, progressive and intense pallor, severe hepatosplenomegaly, anicteric, and a history of blood incompatibility in cross-tests. Complementary exams showed hemoglobin 3.3 g/dL with reticulocytosis and erythroblastosis, leukocytosis with left upper shift, elevated lactic dehydrogenase, Coombs direct reactive with predominance of IgG. The child evolved with important improvement after pulse methylprednisolone therapy and treatment with folic acid and ceftriaxone, without performing any blood transfusion. The clinical features of AIHA include anemic and hemolytic signs. Mainly, diagnosis is done by laboratory tests showing anemia, hemolysis and positive direct antibody test. In children, it tends to an acute course and to an excellent response to corticosteroids, but erythrocytes transfusions are often used in critical hemoglobin levels.
Introduction: Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a rare condition and associated with multiple pathologies. In most cases there are reports of dyspnea and palpitation, however, some patients are completely asymptomatic. Its natural history is uncertain and there are no clear guidelines about its treatment and monitoring.Method: This is one case report, obtained through data from medical records of a reference hospital, located in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.Case Report: Patient, female, 64 years old, healthy, sought medical assistance after a clinical picture of drug allergy. The physical examination performed at admission revealed hyperdynamic precordium associated with systolic thrills and murmur. Her chest radiography (X-ray) revealed a mediastinal widening, which after CT evaluation, it was found that it was a large aneurysm of trunk of the pulmonary artery. As it remained asymptomatic throughout the investigation and she refused to undergo surgical treatment, there was the adoption of a conservative conduct only with an outpatient treatment.
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