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In the Brazilian public healthcare system, natalizumab is recommended as fourth-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Although natalizumab has already demonstrated higher effectiveness compared with fingolimod in some studies, this realworld study was conducted to evaluate annualized hospitalization rates (AHR) in Brazil for both treatments when switching from platform therapies. As secondary goals, we analyzed RRMS treatment patterns and hospitalization profiles. Material and methods We extracted data from the DATASUS database of patients with MS (ICD-10 G35) who initiated treatment from January 2012 to December 2017. Two cohorts were screened for different purposes. Cohort 1 was used to analyze treatment patterns and hospitalization profiles and was defined as individuals who had at least one claim related to MS therapies and had received at least two lines of treatment. The second cohort, which was a subset of the first, was used to compare natalizumab's and fingolimod's AHR reduction from previous treatment lines and included patients switching from platform therapy to one of these two drugs. Cohort 2 adjustment was assessed through two different statistical methods: propensity score (PS) and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results Of 29,410 patients screened, 2,876 were included in cohort 1. Three quarters of hospitalizations reported in this cohort were for treatment of MS relapse. Cohort 2 included 1,005 patients, and natalizumab was more commonly used (n = 540) than fingolimod (n = 465). Both PS and IPW analyses showed that patients treated with natalizumab had a statistical significantly reduction in AHR compared with first-line treatment (p<0.01 for both PS and

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RESUMOObjetivos: Avaliar o impacto econômico do mieloma múltiplo (MM) no sistema privado de saúde brasileiro. Métodos: A base de dados Orizon, uma base administrativa para fins de reembolso contendo dados de pacientes que realizaram procedimentos médicos em ambiente hospitalizar e ambulatorial, foi analisada retrospectivamente de jan./2013 a ago./2016. A base incluiu pacientes que foram diagnosticados com MM (CID-10 C90.0) durante o período de tempo mencionado e todos os procedimentos subsequentes realizados pelo paciente após o diagnóstico. Foram utilizados como critério de elegibilidade pacientes com MM tratados entre jan./2013 e jun./2015, com acompanhamento de pelo menos 365 dias, tendo pelo menos um registro durante esse período. Os desfechos foram expressos em custos médicos diretos (CMD) por paciente/ano, calculados como a soma dos gastos médicos por paciente divididos por pacientes-ano, por um período máximo de 12 meses. Os CMDs foram categorizados em exames, procedimentos, medicamentos (incluindo quimioterapia e outros tratamentos) e outros custos (materiais, gases medicinais, pacotes e taxas diversas). Foram conduzidas análises adicionais para quimioterapia e internações. Resultados: Dos 1.332 pacientes com MM, 973 atenderam ao critério de elegibilidade, sendo incluídos na análise. O CMD total foi de R$ 124.144 por paciente-ano, do qual R$ 66.757 (54%) são relacionados a medicamentos, R$ 45.474 (37%) a internações e R$ 11.912 (10%) a outros custos ambulatoriais. Um total de 3.050 internações foi identificado em 741 (76%) pacientes, com custo médio de R$ 23.151 por internação. Conclusões: O tratamento do MM representa impacto econômico significativo para operadoras de saúde. Custos de medicamentos e internações representam 90% do custo total. ABSTRACT Objectives:To evaluate the economic impact of multiple myeloma (MM) in the Brazilian private health care system. Methods: The Orizon database, an administrative claims database containing inpatient and outpatient data, was retrospectively analyzed from Jan/2013 to Aug/2016. The database included patients who had been diagnosed with MM (ICD-10 C90.0) during the aforementioned timeframe and all subsequent procedures performed by the patient after the diagnosis. Eligibility criteria were patients with MM (ICD-10 code C90.0) treated between Jan/2013 and Jun/2015, who were followed by at least 365 days (1 year) and had at least one claim during this period. Outcome was direct medical costs (DMC) per patient-year, calculated as the sum of the medical claims for each patient included in the analysis divided by total patient-years, for a maximum period of 12-months. DMC was categorized in exams, procedures, medications (including chemotherapy and other medications) and other cost (materials, medicinal gases, packages and others costs). Further analysis was conducted for chemotherapy and hospitalizations. Results: From 1,332 patients with MM identified in the database, 973 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Total DMC in this population ...

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Objectives: Budget impact and cost-effectiveness analysis are often required by payers when discussing drug reimbursement. We hereby present a cost-minimization (CMA) and budget impact analysis (BIA) regarding the incorporation of certolizumab pegol (CZP) for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease, a debilitating condition that affects the digestive tract. Methods: Considering that the scientific literature demonstrates CZP as effective as the alternatives (infliximab and adalimumab), a CMA was conducted, including a Markov 10-year time horizon modeling. Focusing on the assumptions for both CMA and BIA, a total of 36 stakeholders from the private sector were surveyed regarding treatment and disease-related costs. For the BIA, drug acquisition costs, administration costs, no population growth and an immunobiologic drug (bDMARD) switching rate of 5% were also considered. We assumed that CZP would gradually gain market share until it reaches 20% of new or switching patients in the fourth year. In addition, probability sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: In the cost-minimization, the calculated costs for 10-year treatment were BRL149k (infliximab); BRL118k (adalimumab) and BRL83k (CZP). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted with 1,000 random simulations, with CZP being less costly than its comparators in all simulations. Additionally, the BIA result indicates that CZP is a cost-saving intervention, with a predicted five-year impact of BRL317k for every 100-patient cohort. Conclusions: Certolizumab pegol was shown to be not only effective but also a cost-saving drug when compared to other anti-TNF drugs available for the Brazilian private healthcare system. RESUMOObjetivos: Análises de impacto orçamentário e de custo-efetividade são, com frequência, exigidas por pagadores para a decisão sobre incorporação de drogas. Por esse motivo, apresentaremos uma análise de custo-minimização e de impacto orçamentário do certolizumabe pegol (CZP) para o tratamento de pacientes com doença de Crohn, doença crônica e debilitante que afeta o trato digestivo. Métodos: Trinta e seis pagadores privados foram entrevistados para que fosse possível