La gestión adecuada por parte de los ayuntamientos españoles de la recogida y tratamiento de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) y su incidencia en el medioambiente, es un factor clave en los momentos actuales en los que se pretende avanzar hacia un nuevo modelo de economía circular, que genera interés y preocupación en los ciudadanos y las Administraciones Públicas (AAPP). Por otro lado, la desconfianza hacia las instituciones públicas españolas como consecuencia de los múltiples casos de corrupción que han salpicado a nuestro país en los últimos tiempos, ha motivado que las políticas basadas en la transparencia y la apertura se conviertan en una herramienta clave para que las AAPP puedan recuperar la legitimidad perdida.Este trabajo presenta una propuesta para evaluar el nivel de transparencia municipal en la gestión de los RSU, a partir de un panel de 64 indicadores, distribuidos en 7 áreas de evaluación de distinta índole, legal, presupuestaria, infraestructuras, calidad de la información y actividades de recogida y tratamientos de los residuos municipales, a partir de la información publicada en las webs y los portales de transparencia de los 96 ayuntamientos españoles analizados.
As a key part of the fourth industrial revolution, technology companies have become the most valuable companies in the world in terms of market capitalization. Surprisingly, however, these companies have been overlooked by studies of gender diversity in corporate governance even though their highly distinctive features may cause major differences in gender diversity with respect to companies in other sectors. The goal of this chapter is therefore to provide the first characterization of gender diversity in the corporate governance of large technology companies—specifically those with the highest market value—and explore the relationship between gender diversity and business performance. To achieve this goal, descriptive statistical analysis is used. Data correspond to the period 2005 to 2017. The findings confirm the under-representation of women on the boards of directors of 162 publicly listed companies. The findings also show that the most profitable companies are those that have the greatest female representation on their boards of directors.
As a key part of the fourth industrial revolution, technology companies have become the most valuable companies in the world in terms of market capitalization. Surprisingly, however, these companies have been overlooked by studies of gender diversity in corporate governance even though their highly distinctive features may cause major differences in gender diversity with respect to companies in other sectors. The goal of this chapter is therefore to provide the first characterization of gender diversity in the corporate governance of large technology companies—specifically those with the highest market value—and explore the relationship between gender diversity and business performance. To achieve this goal, descriptive statistical analysis is used. Data correspond to the period 2005 to 2017. The findings confirm the under-representation of women on the boards of directors of 162 publicly listed companies. The findings also show that the most profitable companies are those that have the greatest female representation on their boards of directors.
This study examines whether the reduction of the number of employees has actually been efficient in the restructuring undertaken in the European banking sector, focusing on the case of Spain but providing insight into restructuring and downsizing issues similar in other southern countries in Europe. In Spain, the concentration process has been more intense because of the financial crisis. For this purpose, the evolution of the number of employees in the subsector of the listed banks was analyzed during the 2003-2012 period in order to have a timespan that would enable the diverse hypotheses to be verified under the double scenario of the economic boom (2003-2007) and the subsequent financial crisis (2008-2012). It was also during this second period when savings banks disappeared and had to be converted into banks; meanwhile, other entities were involved in mergers, acquisitions, and also in hybrid and innovative formulas of concentration as the Institutional Protection Schemes (IPS). This transformation has given rise to a marked reduction of the commercial network. In this context, employment has been adversely affected. Using a model of linear regression with panel data, the results enable us to confirm that none of the findings obtained examining the relationship between downsizing and the increase of corporate efficiency allow us to conclude that the impact has been positive, as significant differences cannot be appreciated between the reduction of personnel and corporate efficiency.
In this research, a new approach for the classification of cooperative banks is presented by using a multi-criteria analysis in order to combine financial and economic variables with social ones. Both type of variables are indispensable and can be joined due to the unique characteristics of these financial entities with social performance. The sample is formed with the cooperative banks registered in Spain. The results show a new ranking that allows us to study the existing relation between different variables of an entity and the fulfilment of its original social purpose, as a special type of banking activity. Furthermore, the obtained ranking supports the hypothesis that the concentration in this sector, due to the financial crisis from 2009 until now, has not followed economic or social criteria. Hence, there is a lack of homogeneity in its business model as we can see in the present situation. And this leads to the failure of some of these convergence processes that, in some cases, lead to an inevitable bankruptcy.
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