This
work attempts to investigate the effects of aluminum dosage
on the immobilization of heavy metals in alkali-activated municipal
solid waste incineration fly ash-based pastes to manage hazardous
threats in it. A variable proportion of metakaolin is used to achieve
different aluminum dosages in the synthesized pastes. Structure, composition,
morphology, and mechanical property of the prepared pastes are studied
by employing X-ray diffraction, 29Si NMR, scanning electron
microscopy, and compressive strength measurements. The results showed
that a 5% metakaolin-composed paste exhibited the highest compressive
strength (10.94 MPa). The addition of the aluminum dosage-converted
soluble chloride salt into Friedel’s salt, subsequently, improved
the immobilization of heavy metals. The toxic characteristic leaching
procedure test showed that a small amount of aluminum can improve
immobilization dominantly because of the effective encapsulation ability
of the pastes. The molecular modeling and simulation analysis illustrated
that because of the presence of Na+ in it, sodium–alumino–silicate–hydrate
(N–A–S–H) gel possesses the most stable molecular
orientation.
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