Purpose: Single positive core in a prostate biopsy is usually associated with indolent prostate cancer (PCa) and is one of the active surveillance (AS) inclusion criteria. We investigated whether single positive core PCa at biopsy could define an archetype of low-risk disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 1320 consecutive patients were enrolled. Among them, 249 patients with single positive core PCa were followed up, and the clinical and pathological parameters influencing prognosis were analyzed. Results: Out of the 249 patients, 172 (69.0%) had pathological findings ≥ pT2c and 87 (34.9%) had an undergraded Gleason Score (GS) based on the biopsy. Positive surgical margins (PSMs), extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) were found in 20.8%, 10.0% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. In a comparative analysis, we found that the PSA level, prostate weight and number of cores at biopsy are essential to correctly predict an indolent PCa. A total of 125 patients (67.3%) with nonpalpable tumors became high-risk tumors (pT2c-T3). Analyzing only nonpalpable tumors with a GS of 6 at biopsy (156 patients), we noted that 106 (67.9% of cT1) progressed from cT1c to pT2c-pT3. Conclusions: Single core PCa have clinically significant disease in the Radical Prostatectomy specimens, with considerable rates of overgrading for the GS, pT2c-pT3, PSMs, EPE and SVI. The treatment plan must be evaluated individually for patients with single core PCa and must take into account other prognostic factors when determining whether a patient should be managed with AS. Can
Introduction: Single positive core at prostate biopsy is usually associated with small and low risk prostate cancer (PCa). The aim is to evaluate and compare the pathological findings in single versus multiple positive cores patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and correlates them with low risk PCa. Material and Methods: We evaluated 249 single core patients (Group 1) and 250 with multiple cores (Group 2) who underwent RP. The groups were matched according to age, prostate weight, PSA and clinical stage. We evaluated the Gleason score (GS) concordance, positive surgical margin (PSM), extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) between the groups. We also evaluated the influence of the number of fragments sampled and the prostate weight. Results: GS biopsy was identical to RP GS in 55% in group 1 and 45% in group 2 (p = 0,028). Biopsies with 12 or more cores showed higher concordance in both groups than less than 12 cores (p = 0,01 in group 1). Undergrading was the most common GS discrepancy (35% in group 1 and 50% in group 2), with a higher proportion in group 1 when less than 12 fragments were sampled (p = 0,007). Group 1 had lower PSM rate (20,9% vs 37,6%, p < 0,001), less EPE (10% vs 26%, p < 0,001) and SVI (6% vs 13,2%, p = 0,006). PSM, EPE and SVI rates increased with increasing GS in both groups. In group 1, biopsies with less than 12 cores have higher PSM rates than 12 or more cores (37% vs 16%, p < 0,001), and we found no difference in group 2 (p = 0,69). In group 1, a patient with GS ≥ 8 was 3,5 times more likely associated with PSM than GS ≤ 6 (p = 0,03). In Group 1, EPE and SVI did not have any difference according the GS (p = 0,273 and p = 0,95, respectively). However, group 2 have higher rate of EPE in GS 7 than among GS ≤ 6 (OR = 3,1, p < 0,001) and higher rate of SVI in GS 7 than among GS ≤ 6 (OR = 3,1, p < 0,004). In group 1, a total of 67,3% with nonpalpable tumors became greater risk tumors (pT2c-pT3). Analyzing only nonpalpable tumors in group 1 with a GS ≤ 6 at biopsy (156 patients), we noted that 106 (67,9% of cT1) progressed to pT2c-pT3. Conclusion: Single core PCa, although they have favorable pathological features than the multiple positive cores PCa, still have considerable rates of overgraduated GS, pT2c-pT3, PSM, EPE and SVI. These findings are even more evident in biopsies with high GS and less than 12 fragments. The results suggest that single core patients should not categorically be classified always as having a low risk PCa.
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