Resumo -O uso de novos cultivares de milho na safrinha tem proporcionado aumentos expressivos no rendimento de grãos, o que tem aumentado a lucratividade com a cultura no Centro-Oeste. Porém, devido ao grande número de híbridos disponíveis no mercado, há a necessidade de avaliação para escolher aqueles que proporcionem maiores rendimentos de grãos e retornos financeiros ao produtor rural. Portanto objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os desempenhos agronômico e econômico de híbridos de milho no período da safrinha na região Centro-Oeste. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de trinta e seis híbridos de milho, sendo quatro pré-comerciais. O híbrido P30S31 foi utilizado como testemunha. Para avaliar a performance dos materiais, efetuaram-se avaliações de características agronômicas e econômicas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar maior rendimento de grãos e rentabilidade econômica com o cultivo dos híbridos AS1575, DKB390, P30S31 e P4042. Dentre os híbridos pré-comerciais, o RB9210 apresentou maior rendimento de grãos na safrinha. A maior rentabilidade econômica do milho safrinha foi obtida por meio do maior rendimento de grãos. Também foi constatada correlação positiva do peso de mil grãos, população e altura de plantas com o rendimento de grãos, sendo o oposto verificado para severidade de doenças foliares. Abstract -The use of new maize cultivars in off-season cultivation has provided significant increases in grain yield, which has increased the profitability of the crop in the Central Brazil region. However, due to the large number of hybrids available commercially, there is a need to choose those of higher grain yields and economic returns to farmers. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the economic and agronomic performance of maize hybrids in off-season cultivation in the Central Brazil region. The randomized block design was used with four replications. The treatments consisted of thirty-six maize hybrids, being four pre-commercial hybrids with four repetitions. The hybrid P30S31 was used as control. To evaluate the performance of the hybrids, we assessed their economic and agronomic characteristics. The results showed higher grain yield and net operating profitability with the growing of the hybrids AS1575, DKB390, P30S31 and P4042. The pre-commercial hybrid RB9210 showed higher grain yield potential in off-season cultivation. The higher profitability of the off-season maize crop was obtained by higher grain yield. Positive correlations were observed for grain weight, population, and plant height, with grain yield. A negative correlation was observed between leaf disease severity and grain yield.

Resumo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi destacar o uso da rastreabilidade na produção da carne bovina e levantar os aspectos positivos desta tecnologia no complexo. A implantação da rastreabilidade no Brasil provocou mudanças no hábito dos pecuaristas, que estão tendo de adequar a SISBOV (Sistema Brasileiro de Identificação e Certificação de Origem Bovina e Bubalina). Tendo assim, que determinar os condicionantes que levaram à implantação da rastreabilidade nas etapas de produção da carne bovina no Brasil, descrever o processo de rastreabilidade realizado em outros países, apresentar metodologia para implementação de rastreabilidade nas empresas rurais produtoras de bovinos de corte e levantar os impactos do processo de adoção da rastreabilidade e suas implicações na comercialização da carne bovina. Ficou evidente a necessidade do rastreamento bovino no país, visando adequar-se às novas demandas do mercado consumidor, mais exigente e segmentado.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of Piata palisadegrass that was ensiled with energetic brans and to assess the costs of different additive levels. This experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute on the Rio Verde campus in Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely random with four replications in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme that included four energetic brans (millet, maize, sorghum and wheat) and five levels (0%, 8%, 16%, 24% and 32%). The energetic brans can be considered as a good source of additives for Piata palisadegrass ensiling, which improves the qualitative and nutritional fermentative characteristics of the silage. The maize and wheat brans were the most efficient for improving the fermentative characteristics of the silage. However, millet bran was the most efficient for improving the bromatological characteristics. In addition, the wheat bran had the greatest influence on the final production cost and the sorghum and millet brans were the most economically feasible. Overall, the addition of 24% bran is recommended due to its beneficial impact on silage quality and the average final production cost of the silage.

RESUMO - O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e econômico na cultura do milho verde submetida ao uso de bioestimulantes na presença e ausência de fungicida. Dessa forma, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em anos distintos, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em arranjo fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator correspondeu à combinação de bioestimulantes (Ausência, MC Cream, MC Extra, MC Cream+MC Extra) e o segundo fator à presença e ausência de fungicida (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole). Foi avaliado o peso de espigas verdes, a altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, teor de clorofila e severidade de doenças, além da viabilidade econômica dos tratamentos. Os Bioestimulantes, na ausência de fungicida, foram eficientes para aumentar o peso das espigas verdes, altura de plantas, e o teor de clorofila. Na presença do fungicida os bioestimulantes aumentaram o diâmetro de colmo e reduziram a severidade de doenças. Os investimentos em insumos elevaram os custos de produção, porém a rentabilidade foi compensada pelo aumento da renda bruta. Em situação de baixa disponibilidade hídrica, o bioestimulante MC Extra foi o mais viável economicamente para a cultura do milho verde.Palavras-chave: fitossanidade, produtividade, renda líquida, Zea mays L. EFFICIENCY OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND FUNGICIDE IN THE AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERS OF GREEN CORN  ABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and economic performance of the green corn crop, subjected to the use of biostimulants in the presence and absence of fungicide. Two experiments were conducted in different years using a randomized block design with three replications, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor corresponded to the combination of biostimulants (Absence, MC Cream, MC Extra, MC Cream + MC Extra) and the second factor was the presence and absence of fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole). Green ear weight, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and severity of diseases were evaluated, as well as the economic viability of the treatments.In the absence of fungicide, biostimulants were efficient to increase the green ear weight, plant height, and chlorophyll content. In the presence of the fungicide, biostimulants increased stem diameter and reduced disease severity. Investments in inputs increased production costs, but profitability was offset by the increase in gross income. In a situation of low water availability, the biostimulant MC Extra was the most economically viable for the green maize crop.Keywords: plant health, productivity, net income, Zea mays L.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e econômico de híbridos de sorgo granífero na safrinha em relação ao híbrido AG 1040. O cultivo de sorgo na safrinha mostrou-se viável. Os híbridos MR 43 e AS 4615 foram os de maior rendimento, rentabilidade e de maior potencial de uso em complementação ao cultivo do AG 1040, seguidos do DOW 50A50, DOW 1G282, AS 4610, BUSTER, AG 1060, DKB 599 e AS 4620.

Soybean Glycine Max (L) Merr, belonging to Fabaceae family, is a legume specie of high socioeconomic value with various products and by-products used in food and feed manufacturing. The objective of the study was to conduct technical and economic feasibility analysis in soybean cultivation in central Brazil, in two planting seasons, using four varieties of seeds, two with Roundup Ready® (RR) technology and two with the technology INTACTA RR2 PRO™. The experiment was conducted at the Center for Agricultural Research -CPA, Rio Verde, GO. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, and initial and final populations were evaluated for losses and estimated productivity of each cultivar, plant height, first pod insertion, weight of a thousand grains and productivity. The seeded soybean cultivars were M 7110 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, TMG 7262 RR and SYN 1163 RR. For statistical analysis, the F test was performed and, according to significance, the Tukey test was performed at 5%. In the tested varieties, a statistical difference of plant height occurred in the two sowing seasons, except the variety M 7739 IPRO. At the time of insertion of the first pod, all cultivars showed a proximity between the two sowing times. In the weight of a thousand grains, the cultivar M 7739 IPRO did not differ its weight independent of the sowing times, the others, already in the second season, its weight was lower when compared to the first season. The yield did not show significant difference between all four cultivars tested in the two sowing seasons. When all losses are accounted for and converted to the initial cost of seeds used for sowing, it generates a revenue that presents losses that result in lower productivity, failing to produce an additional revenue that can be used within the agricultural enterprise itself. ResumoA soja Glycine Max (L) Merr, pertencente à família Fabaceae é uma espécie leguminosa de alto valor socioeconômico com vários produtos e subprodutos utilizados na fabricação de alimentos e rações. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar análises de viabilidade técnica e econômica na cultura da soja, na região central do Brasil, em duas épocas de plantio, utilizando quatro variedades de sementes, duas com a tecnologia Roundup Ready® (RR)e duas com a tecnologia INTACTA RR2 PRO™. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Pesquisa Agrícola -CPA, município de Rio Verde, GO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados. Foram avaliadas populações inicial e final para levantamento de perdas e produtividade estimadas de cada cultivar, altura de planta, inserção de primeira vagem, peso de massa de mil grãos e produtividade. As cultivares de soja semeadas foram M 7110 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, TMG 7262 RR e SYN 1163 RR. Para análise estatística foi realizado o teste F e conforme a significância procedeu-se ao teste de Tukey a 5%.Nas variedades testadas todas ocorreram uma diferença estatística de altura de planta nas duas épocas de semeadura, exceto a variedade M 7739 IPRO. Na altura de inserção de primeir...

The biological control, thinking about the integrated management, has been inserted with other management techniques to disease control, such as soybean anthracnose. The aims of this work were to verify the action of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates in the induction of soybean resistance mechanisms to anthracnose as a function of seed treatment. The statistical design was entirely randomised, in a 5 x 2 (agent species x sampling times) factorial scheme with five replicates. Soybean seeds were treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV03, B. subtilis BV02, Trichoderma asperellum BV10, Carbendazim + Thiram and distilled water (control). Seven days after seedling emergence, 2 μL of 1 x 10−4 Colletotrichum truncatum spores were inoculated on the cotyledons. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and glyceollin (GLY) activities before and after pathogen inoculation, as well as the diameter of the anthracnose lesion on the cotyledons, were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and, when significant, the mean values were compared by Fisher’s test (p < 0.05). The treatments did not influence the first sampling time before inoculation. Trichoderma asperellum BV10 increased POX and PAL activities up to 173%, while B. amyloliquefaciens BV03 increased POX activity. Glyceollin was not influenced by the treatments. The T. asperellum BV10 reduces the diameter of the anthracnose lesion by up to 61%. Thus, T. asperellum BV10 has the potential to control soybean anthracnose, improved the response defense against C. truncatum, when performed on seed treatment.

Fertilization management is one of the agricultural practices that demand high investment. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the economic viability of using combinations of fertilizers applied to soybean and corn cultivated in succession in Goi&aacute;s Savanna soil. The experiment was carried out in the field, in randomized blocks. The fertilization management consisted of the combination of monoammonium phosphate fertilizers; urea; 08:40:00 +9.3%S and 3.2% Ca; simple superphosphate; potassium chloride; elemental sulfur; polyhalite (37% K2O + 9.2% S, 5.8% Ca and 1.7% Mg) and polyhalite S (14% K2O + 19.2% S, 12% Ca and 3.6% Mg) which were applied in soybean sowing and evaluated the residual effect on corn. The economic assessment took into account crop productivity and fertilizer prices in the 2018/2019 agricultural year. For each treatment, the operating cost (COi) and profitability indicators were calculated: gross revenue (GRi); net revenue (NRi); profitability index (PITi); equilibrium production (Yei) and equilibrium price (Pei). Crop productivity was not influenced by fertilizer management, showing that economic indicators can help producers choose the management with the best return and that adjusts to the financial situation of the rural company. Thus, it is concluded that the management of MAP + KCl fertilization was economically outstanding in soybean cultivation and the MAP/S + KCl applied to soybeans, associated with nitrogen fertilization in corn coverage was the most viable for off-season corn. The economic indicators showed that the MAP+KCl fertilization performed on soybean, associated with urea in corn coverage, is the most viable management system for the soybean-corn production system cultivated in succession.