ResumenLos aceros de medio C son ampliamente utilizados en la fabricación de piezas y componentes mecánicos tales como engranajes, ejes, pernos, acoplamientos, husillos, ruedas dentadas, bielas y cigüeñales, debido a su buena resistencia mecánica, tenacidad y resistencia al desgaste. Muchas investigaciones para este tipo de aceros se han enfocado en estudiar el comportamiento al desgaste, deformación y análisis de propiedades mecánicas a temperaturas elevadas. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que se han enfocado en evaluar su comportamiento mecánico en función del tamaño de grano austenítico (TGA). En esta investigación, se presentan los resultados experimentales y mediante modelado numérico, del efecto del TGA antes del temple en dos aceros de medio C, AISI 1045 y 4140, con la finalidad de determinar las condiciones óptimas de procesamiento para obtener las propiedades mecánicas deseadas. El tamaño de grano fue evaluando entre 5 y 110 µm. Se utilizaron técnicas experimentales para determinar la microestructura, resistencia a la cedencia, resistencia a la tensión, la dureza y pruebas de dilatometría de temple para determinar su deformación. Los resultados simulados fueron obtenidos mediante el software JMatPro. De estos resultados se pueden mencionar que el TGA juega un papel importante en la evolución de las propiedades mecánicas para los aceros estudiados. Cuando el TGA fue superior a 15 y 45 µm para los aceros AISI 4140 y 1045 respectivamente, las propiedades mecánicas estuvieron en rangos más elevados. Los resultados mediante JMatPro estuvieron muy cercanos a los obtenidos experimentalmente, validando la simulación numérica en la predicción de las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas. Palabras Clave:Simulación, Tratamiento Térmico, Tamaño de Grano Austenítico, Propiedades Mecánicas. AbstractMedium-carbon steels are widely used in the making of mechanical pieces and components, such as gears, shafts, bolts, couplings, spindles, sprockets, connecting rods and crankshafts, because of their good mechanical resistance, toughness, and wear resistance. Many research has been focused on studying the behavior of wearing off, deformation and analysis of mechanical properties at high temperatures. However, little has been studied about evaluating its mechanical behavior related to the austenitic grain size (AGS). In this research, experimental results of the effect of AGS before quenched of two medium-C steels AISI 1045 y 4140, are presented through the numerical modeling, in order to determine the optimal processing conditions to obtain the desired mechanical properties. The grain size was evaluated between 5 y 110 µm. Experimental techniques were used to determine the microstructure, tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and dilatometry to determine its deformation. The simulated results were obtained through the JMatPro. From the results, it can be mentioned that the AGS has an important role in the evolution of mechanical properties for the studied steels. When the AGS was higher than 15 and 45 µm for the steel...
International competition in the electronic market requires that organisations use their resources not only to manufacture high quality components, but also to adopt or develop appropriate sales forecasting methods that could adapt to their needs and guarantee their economic development. From an industrial engineering perspective, keeping balanced orders and healthy safety stocks is required for such organisations. These two metrics play a significant role in their economic growth and development, because any disruption results in high costs throughout their manufacturing processes. Thus significant resources are spent by these organisations to develop information systems and logistics skills in order to implement more reliable and precise sales forecasting methods. Nevertheless, planners and forecasters constantly face different challenges such as sudden demand changes, seasonality, products with a short life cycle, a lack of historical data, and swings in the world economy. The objective of this research is to determine the most convenient demand forecasting method for the manufacturers of electronic devices that target a specific market. Twenty-seven months of sales data were analysed and different quantitative forecasting methods were tested and analysed using statistical tools. From the results obtained, the combined forecasting method appeared to be the most suitable since the least amount of forecasting error is obtained when this method is applied. The results of this research could be adopted by other companies to forecast the future sales of any items with a similar pattern to that used in our study. This has significant implications for their decision-making processes and inventory planning.
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