Background: currently, functional foods are the type of foods of most interest to the modern consumer, due to the health benefits they provide. Objectives: Optimize the spray drying process to obtain cape gooseberry powder added with active compounds. Methods: A process of spray drying was carried out to obtain a powder from cape gooseberry suspensions added with vitamin C, iron, folic acid, isolated soy protein and dietary fiber. The drying process was optimized according to the characteristics of food formulations and operating conditions, obtaining a product with low hygroscopicity, high solubility and high levels of physiologically active compounds. Response surface methodology was used, considering a central composite design with four factors: maltodextrin (0-40%p/p), inlet air temperature (170-210°C), atomizer disc speed (16000-24000 rpm) and outlet air temperature (75-95°C). Results: The results showed a higher retention of vitamin C (69.7±0.7%), folic acid (90.9±1.8%) and iron (90.8±1.0%) with the food formulation containing a 24.4% of maltodextrin and the drying process defined by an atomizer disc speed of 19848 rpm and inlet and outlet air temperature of 194.2°C and 87.7°C, respectively. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to the fruit of cape gooseberry, allowing the incorporation and conservation of active compounds such as iron, folic acid and ascorbic acid.
STUDY O F A MOUNTAIN STREAM IN A GRANITIC REGION IN THE NORTH O F PORTU-GAL Macrofauna, fishes and physico-chemical characteristics have been studied in the Olo nver (Douro Basin), placed in the Natural Park of .Alviio, north Portugal.During 1.5 year, every 3 months, samples of macrofauna and water for chemical analyses have been taken in 3 stations along the river. In order to assess fish species and biomass, electrofishing has been made in 2 stations.This stream can be charactenzed as a non-polluted headstream with low concentrations of organic matter and dissolved salts, and a high stability of the chemical parameters al1 along the year. The chemical data shows no significant difference between the stations.The fish population has a low biomass. Dominant species are Salmo rriltta,fario L. and C'hondo~stromu pol.vlc~pis polylepis S. The macrofauna shows a high diversity and no significant difference betwcen the stations. 177 identification units have been distinguished, and 89 of them are species. Dominant species are Bu~'ti.s rhoduni and Culliurcys humilis in the Ephemeroptera group, Plecrrocncnzia genicitlatu and IIydrop.c-yche siltului in the Tnchoptera one. In Plecoptera Leuctru gr.,fu.\cu is dominant.Stnking differences with data on macrofauna in Spanish parts of Douro Basin are the absence of Baetis gr. alpina in the upstream station, while Tanago ( 1 984) mentions this group for epirhitron, as well as the replacement of Gummuru.s sp. by Pro-a.sel1tr.c gr. co-ua1i.c. unlike the Jalon and Tanago (1982) data.
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