This paper addresses the phase-balancing problem in three-phase power grids with the radial configuration from the perspective of master–slave optimization. The master stage corresponds to an improved version of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm, which is based on the multi-point mutation operator and the generation of solutions using a Gaussian normal distribution based on the exploration and exploitation schemes of the vortex search algorithm. The master stage is entrusted with determining the configuration of the phases by using an integer codification. In the slave stage, a power flow for imbalanced distribution grids based on the three-phase version of the successive approximation method was used to determine the costs of daily energy losses. The objective of the optimization model is to minimize the annual operative costs of the network by considering the daily active and reactive power curves. Numerical results from a modified version of the IEEE 37-node test feeder demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the annual operative costs of the network by approximately 20% by using optimal load balancing. In addition, numerical results demonstrated that the improved version of the CBGA is at least three times faster than the classical CBGA, this was obtained in the peak load case for a test feeder composed of 15 nodes; also, the improved version of the CBGA was nineteen times faster than the vortex search algorithm. Other comparisons with the sine–cosine algorithm and the black hole optimizer confirmed the efficiency of the proposed optimization method regarding running time and objective function values.
Nuevo enfoque para la localización óptima de reconectadores en sistemas de distribución considerando la calidad del servicio y los costos de inversiónA new approach to optimal allocation of reclosers in distribution systems considering service quality and fixed costs
RESUMENEn este artículo se presenta una nueva metodología para la ubicación óptima de reconectadores en sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica. La metodología considera en forma simultánea la instalación de reconectadores normalmente cerrados y abiertos, destinados al aislamiento de fallas y restauración del servicio, respectivamente. El problema es descrito por un modelo matemático multi-objetivo, donde la primera función objetivo minimiza el nivel de energía no servida del sistema (NENS) y la segunda los costos de inversión del proyecto. El conjunto de restricciones considera criterios operativos del sistema. Como estrategia de solución se introduce el concepto de áreas operativas, las cuales disminuyen esfuerzos computacionales al considerar que el NENS por área permanece constante. En la solución del problema se emplea un algoritmo elitista de ordenamiento no dominado (NSGA-II). Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la validez de la metodología propuesta y su posibilidad de aplicación a sistemas de distribución reales.
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