This study proposes that spinal anaesthesia is an alternative option to general anaesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy, and should be considered in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy.

After completion of this activity, physicians will be able to educate healthcare professionals working on the labor ward to be able to estimate the small incidence of Horner Syndrome following epidural anesthesia administered in labor. This will result in optimal management and will minimize the need for costly and inappropriate diagnostic investigations. The reader will also be able to compare the difference in the incidence of Horner syndrome following epidural anesthesia, as reported in the literature; appraise the clinical presentation, the pathophysiology, and the mechanism of Horner syndrome developing as a complication of regional anesthesia; and analyze the different theories proposed in the reported cases in the literature.

Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia could be considered as an effective anesthetic technique for elective major upper abdominal surgery in awake or sedated neonates and infants, and could be used cautiously by a pediatric anesthesiologist as an alternate to general anesthesia in high-risk neonates and infants undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery.

Both devices appear to be safe and effective in establishing an adequate airway in healthy children undergoing surgery of short duration with PCV.