BACKGROUND: An infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a potentially stressful event for parents. Severe stress is experienced by parents, affecting their mental health and relationship, and infants' development. The current study aims to assess the stress levels among parents of neonates admitted to NICU and to identify the factors influencing their stress levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India over 2 months. Stress levels were assessed using Parental Stressor Scale: NICU questionnaire among 100 NICU parents (mother or father) with more than 24 h of admission. Stress was quantified using the Likert scale. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: In this study, 60.8% parents experienced severe and extreme stress level for overall stress. The mean for overall stress experienced was 3.71 ± 0.70. There was no significant difference in overall stress between father and mother ( P = 0.65). The highest levels of stress experienced were in sight and sound subscale (3.23 ± 0.41) followed by relationship with the baby and parental role,” i.e., 2.46 30. There was no significant association in overall stress score with maternal age, parity, education level, previous baby being admitted to the NICU ( P > 0.05). Stress in sight and sound domain was statistically significantly higher ( P = 0.009) among parents of babies with stay of ≤7 days. CONCLUSION: These results support wider use in research and clinical practice to identify parental stress. Interventions can be developed to ameliorate its negative effects on individual, interpersonal, and societal levels. The stress score was not significantly different between fathers and mothers of neonates admitted to NICU and the length of stay was significantly associated with sight and sound domain. Appropriate counseling should be targeted toward both parents. Future intervention studies should be planned to decrease the stress level among parents.
Objective: Congenital anomaly is one of the most important causes & being the 5th most common cause of neonatal mortality & morbidity. It may present as a structural or functional abnormality. These defects occur due to defective embryogenesis. Associated factors may be maternal age, maternal TORCH infection, drugs, genetic factors. Antenatal USG reduces the incidence.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the Pediatric department over 1 year. Diagnosis of all congenital anomalies was done by the concerned pediatrician& pediatric surgeon. Data was collected in the specified format.Results: A total of 10205 cases of age group 1 month to 5 years presented to the paediatric OPD, out of which 193 children were diagnosed as congenital anomalies in 1 year. Males were found to be affected the most. The most common system involved was found to be the genitourinary system (36.78%). The second most common system involved was the gastrointestinal system (33.67%). The least common system involved was the musculoskeletal system.Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of neonatal & infantile mortality & morbidity. Routine screening with a level II targeted scan for all the pregnant mothers should be mandatory. Adequate nutrition, parental education & Rubella vaccination of the mother can decrease the prevalence of congenital anomalies to some extend.
Background: Breast carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (27·7%) and the leading cause of death (23·5%) among women in India as per GLOBOCAN 2018. There is considerable evidence that breast cancer risk is related to certain modifiable and nonmodifiable lifestyle factors. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of risk factors of breast cancer in women of age group 18-70 years in selected urban slums. Methodology: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in selected 13 urban slums of Bhubaneswar which comes under the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Bhubaneswar, IMS and SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar, Odisha from september 2018 to october 2020. Data were entered to an excel sheet and SPSS software version 20 was used for analysis. Results: Among the total population of 300, the mean age of the study subjects was 42 + 12 years ranging from 20 to 69 years. Married women in the study were 95.3%. Including both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, 57% of the participants were having risk factors of breast cancer. Conclusion: Women need to be aware of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer to adopt appropriate practices for prevention of Breast cancer.
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