This paper investigates the so-called "adaptive investment effect", a redirection of investment in productive capital towards adaptive capital with a view to mitigating the negative effects of climate change. We estimate the costs associated with the adaptive investment effect using data on Chinese provinces and find that the impact of investment on economic growth is reduced by between 27% and 37% in provinces investing more in adaptive capital. This implies that the social cost of carbon is higher than existing studies suggest, making it more urgent for policymakers to take action against climate change.
Using data on student satisfaction and teaching time in the UK, this paper examines how the proportion of teaching conducted by casual staff affected student satisfaction ratings for the 2014-15 academic year. It is found that an increased proportion of teaching delivered by casual staff leads to lower student satisfaction, even when controlling for university and faculty fixed effects. This may be a result of the features of casual contracts or might reflect the characteristics of individuals taking up such contracts. Regardless, it suggests that there is a trade-off between increasing casualisation and student satisfaction which could have implications for future student demand. As a result, policymakers should consider the long-term implications before offloading teaching to casual staff.
Using data on student satisfaction and teaching time in the UK, this paper examines how the proportion of teaching conducted by casual staff affected student satisfaction ratings for the 2014-15 academic year. It is found that an increased proportion of teaching delivered by casual staff leads to lower student satisfaction, even when controlling for university and faculty fixed effects. This may be a result of the features of casual contracts or might reflect the characteristics of individuals taking up such contracts. Regardless, it suggests that there is a trade-off between increasing casualisation and student satisfaction which could have implications for future student demand. As a result, policymakers should consider the long-term implications before offloading teaching to casual staff.
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