This study is a bibliographic review, based on the analysis of 8 articles selected in the database BVS with the descriptors "penitentiary" and "health care", which aims at analyzing the deficiencies and needs of the Health System of Brazilian prisons. The articles discussed, mainly, the evolution of government plans and policies for the prison health system and the main issues that corrupt its full functioning, such as overpopulation, precarious sanitary conditions, lack of completeness and neglect of health professionals. The results obtained demonstrate that the spread of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, is facilitated by overcrowding, security overlapping health, poor performance of the admission consultation, absence of diagnosis and unhealthy conditions. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, are also a problem, since their diet is inadequate and there is a limited period of sun exposure and physical activities. The focus on symptoms and not on causes represents another obstacle that compromises its quality and comprehensiveness. In addition, the distribution and administration of inputs necessary for the treatment of prisoners are not done correctly. As for pregnant-puerperal health, the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Prison System has improved access, offering prenatal consultations and exams, however, the lack of humanization of care is still notable. In short, there are few studies related to the health of the person deprived of liberty, which demonstrates the invisibility of this social group in the context of public policies within the scope of the Unified Health System. Therefore, this review indicates the need to debate the current situation of access to health in Brazilian prisons, since several factors compromise health care.
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