Ulcerative colitis is an intestinal inflammatory condition characterized by rise of inflammatory mediators’ production and oxidative stress. Topiramate is an anticonvulsant agent with effectiveness on a wide range of seizures, which its anti-oxidative. This study aims to examine the protective effects of topiramate on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, acetic acid, acetic acid + topiramate, and acetic acid + dexamethasone groups. Topiramate (100 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg/day) was administered for six consecutive days, and ulcerative colitis induced at the first day of study by transrectal administration of 4% acetic acid. Four hours after the last dose of treatments, animals of each group were sacrificed and colon tissues removed for further macroscopic, histopathologic, and biochemical analysis. Treatment with topiramate markedly decreased colonic lesions and macroscopic scores as well as improvement of histopathologic changes. Topiramate also effectively decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and up-regulated the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Our results reveal that administration of topiramate ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via anti-oxidative properties and further studies may introduce it as an effective therapeutic candidate to decrease ulcerative colitis severity.
Informed spatial filters (ISFs) have been shown to provide high-quality speech acquisition in dynamic scenarios due to their ability to almost instantaneously adapt the filter coefficients based on the statistics of the desired and undesired signals. In most contributions, ISFs have been implemented in closed form as minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR), or minimum-mean-squared error filters. The goal in this paper is to discuss and evaluate recursive implementations of ISFs. We show that the implementations in a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure are not equivalent to the closed form MVDR, due to the fact that the filter coefficients of both implementations are updated at each time-frequency bin. The complexity of the implementations is discussed and experimental evaluation is performed for different dynamic scenarios where the goal is to extract a desired speaker in the presence of interfering speakers
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