Background:Sociodemographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels.Objectives:This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS).Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were examined in a mandatory national screening program in 2009. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and short stature. Then, ArcGIS software was used to draw the figures.Results:The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.5% urban). Overall, 20% of children were underweight, and 14.3% had high BMI, consisted of 10.9% overweight and 3.4% obese. The corresponding figure for short stature was 6.6%; however, these growth disorders were not equally distributed across various provinces.Conclusions:Our results confirmed unequal distribution of BMI and height of 6-year-old children in Iran generally and in most of its provinces particularly. The differences among provinces cannot be fully explained by the socioeconomic pattern. These findings necessitate a comprehensive national policy with provincial evidence-based programs.
Background:Overweight and obesity are major problems with increasing rates among adult populations. Nutritional behaviors and physical activity are the most important influencing factors. In this article, we conducted a survey on the nutritional behaviors and physical activities among normal-weight and overweight/obese adults.Materials and Methods:We conducted a survey on some of the nutritional behaviors and physical activities of 729 middle-aged adults. Data regarding desirable or undesirable use of fruits, fish, dairy products, oil, fast foods, and carbonated drinks and the intensity and duration of physical activities were collected from our data bank and analyzed using the SPSS software.Results:Our results indicated that overweight/obese people had an improper usage of fruits, oil, fast foods, and carbonated drinks and had lower physical activity. There was also a significant increase in intensity, duration per day, and weekly days of physical activity in healthy groups. Logistic regression analysis of nutritional behaviors, physical activities, and obesity also indicated that undesirable usage of oil, fast foods, and carbonated drinks and undesirable physical activity are associated with risks for overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR] =10.70, OR = 7.45, OR = 7.48, and OR = 2.16, respectively) (P < 0.05).Conclusion:This article puts emphasis on the role of proper nutritional behaviors and higher physical activities in decreasing the risks of developing obesity, and we suggest that further interventions could be made based on the results of our study.
Background:Participation of Iranian women with a family history of breast cancer in breast cancer screening programs is low. This study evaluates the compliance of women having a family history of breast cancer with clinical breast exam (CBE) according to the stage of transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM).Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we used Persian version of champion's HBM scale to collect factors associated with TTM stages applied to screening from women over 20 years and older. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS, using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance.Results:Final sample size was 162 women. Thirty-three percent were in action/maintenance stage. Older women, family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, personal history of breast disease, insurance coverage, and a history of breast self-examination were associated with action/maintenance stage. Furthermore, women in action/maintenance stages had significantly fewer perceived barriers in terms of CBE in comparison to women in other stages (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other HBM subscales scores between various stages of CBE screening behavior (P > 0.05).Conclusion:The finding indicates that the rate of women in action/maintenance stage of CBE is low. Moreover, results show a strong association between perceived barriers and having a regular CBE. These clarify the necessity of promoting national target programs for breast cancer screening, which should be considered as the first preference for reducing CBE barriers.
Dyslipidemia is an important cause of cardiovascular diseases with increasing rates among adult populations. Nutrition and physical activity are known to have an impact on degrees of dyslipidemia. In this article, we had a study on nutritional behaviors and physical activities among middle-aged adults with and without dyslipidemia. In this case-control study, 200 middle-aged adults were entered. One hundred adults with dyslipidemia and 100 normal adults were included in this study. Data regarding desirable or undesirable use of fruits, vegetables, dairy, saturated fatty acids, fast foods, carbonated drinks, and extra salt intake with every meal were collected. Intensity and duration of physical activities were also collected from our data bank and analyzed with SPSS software. Our results indicated that people with dyslipidemia had a significantly increased usage of fast foods and saturated fatty acids, while the normal population had increased usage of vegetables and dairy. There were also significantly increased in intensity, duration per day, and weekly days of physical activity in healthy groups. Logistic regression indicated that undesirable consumption of fast foods, dairy, fatty acids, vegetables, and undesirable physical activity increases the risks for dyslipidemia (OR=8.2, OR=16.2, OR=8.2, OR=18.3, and OR=25.3 respectively) (P<0.05). This article emphasizes the role of proper nutritional behaviors and higher physical activities in decreasing the risks of dyslipidemia, and we suggest that further preventive interventions could be made based on the results of our study. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Background:Hypertension has been one of the early mortality and morbidity in human societies. Training and consequently compliance increase will lead to improve treatment progress and disease control. The study aimed at the effect of training through short message service (SMS) on blood pressure mean and compliance scale in hypertensive patients. Hypertension control is essential to prevent early mortality.Methods:This study is a randomized controlled clinical, uni-center, single-blinded. The study was managed in a health-care center subordinated to Medical University of Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Sampling was a convenient method therefore the researchers implemented it for 188 hypertensive patients who were allocated randomly into two groups: SMS group and control group. First, all patients filled the compliance questionnaire, and their blood pressure was measured. Afterward, the intervention group would be texting daily for 1 month containing a training text. During 1 and 2 months after intervention, all patients’ blood pressure will be measured, and then the questionnaire had been filled 2 months after intervention, again.Results:Systolic blood pressure mean decreased from 136.23 ± 15.91 to 121.70 ± 14.43 and diastolic blood pressure mean decreased from 91.95 ± 8.24 to 86.64 ± 7.86 in the intervention group according to analysis of variance through repeated measurement and is significantly different in comparison with control group (P < 0.001). Compliance scale increased from 72.95 ± 7.65 to 85.40 ± 5.62 based on dependent t-test which was significantly different with the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusions:SMS training would be an effective method to control hypertension.
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