Background: The goal of tissue engineering is to create biological solutions that restore, maintain, and improve the function of damaged tissue. Scaffolds are structures based on extracellular matrix materials that have undergone various treatments. Objectives: This study aimed to prepare polycaprolactone/silymarin and polycaprolactane/tragacanth scaffolds and compare the morphology and viability of PC12 cell lines. Methods: A 7% polycaprolactane solution (dissolved in acetic acid) was mixed with a 0.9% silymarin solution to prepare the polycaprolactane scaffold and silymarin loading, and a 7% polycaprolactane solution was mixed to prepare the polycaprolactane and tragacanth scaffold. Tragacanth solution was mixed at a concentration of 0.7% by weight, and then two scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning. The morphology of the scaffolds was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical structure of the scaffolds was studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds and cell survival of PC12 cells was investigated by MTT assay. Results: The morphology of the scaffolds and their chemical structure showed good porosity and successful loading of silymarin onto PCL and a suitable combination of tragacanth with PCL. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours after PC12 cell culture. Cell survival was found to increase on polycaprolactane/silymarin scaffolds compared to polycaprolactane/tragacanth. Conclusions: From the results of this study, loading polycaprolactane scaffold with silymarin increases the proliferation and survivability of PC12 cells compared to polycaprolactane/supporting scaffold, which may be a good candidate for neural tissue engineering.
<p>Wind power stations, many located in remote areas; so they are characterized by weak grids and are often submitted to power system disturbance like faults. In this paper, the behaviour of a wind energy conversion system that uses the control of the rotor side converter (RSC) by three different methods under faulty conditions is presented. The behaviour of these systems during a grid failure is an important issue. DFIG is analysed and simulated under differing faulty conditions in the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the proposed method has proper operation during fault conditions.</p><p> </p>
Background: Tissue engineering may be used to repair, preserve, or improve tissues and organs. In this regard, acellular biological scaffolds are mainly used to reconstruct damaged tissues in regenerative medicine. Objectives: The present study examined the in vitro process of myocytes differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) on the sheep bladder scaffold induced by 5-azacytidine. Methods: Decellularization was performed using a mixed method (physical and chemical) to prepare scaffolds kept at -20°C. The 5-azacytidine was used to induce BM‐MSCs to myocytes. Moreover, the muscle-specific gene expression (Desmin, α-Actinin, Myo D) was evaluated using the RT-PCR method. Results: It was revealed that BM‐MSCs on the scaffold had high proliferation and differentiation potentials. Desmin and α-Actinin gene expression marked the differentiation at the end of the fourth week. Moreover, the results of Masson’s trichrome staining at the end of the second, third and, fourth weeks also indicated that the first differentiation signs emerged at the end of the second week. Furthermore, differentiation reached its maximum level during the fourth week. Conclusions: According to the findings, combining physical and chemical methods was the best technique to prepare the bladder scaffold so that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into myocytes on the bladder scaffold affected by 5-azacytidine (5 µmol), and As the induction time increases to day 28, myocyte cells become more developed.
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