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Optimal Relays Coordination Efficient Method in Interconnected Power SystemsIn this paper an efficient method for optimal overcurrent relay coordination is proposed. In the proposed method using genetic algorithm, an objective function (OF) is developed to solve the problem of miscoordination for six pairs short circuit fault currents. The new OF is improved to be simple, optimal and efficient. This technique takes into account the changes in network configuration. The efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing the results of two different networks namely typical 8-bus & IEEE 30-bus systems with those obtained using the recently developed techniques.

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Interleaving composite laminates with nanofibrous mat is one of the most reliable methods for increasing interlaminar fracture toughness. The present study seeks to find out how the damage mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), subjected to the mode-I and mode-II fracture tests, are affected while those are modified by interleaved Polyamide 66 (PA66) electrospun layers. For this goal, acoustic emission (AE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used for assessing the damage mechanisms. The mode-I test results showed that adding nanofibers could decrease matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and fiber/matrix debonding by 92%, 27%, and 87%, respectively. The AE demonstrated that no fiber breakage occurred during mode-II loading in both non-modified and nanomodified specimens which was validated by SEM images. On the other hand, the two oth0er damage modes, i.e. matrix cracking and fiber/matrix debonding, decreased about 97% in the nanomodified laminates.