In re cent years, ex tended stud ies are de vel oped for in ves ti ga tion the ef fects of us ing nanofluids in NPP as cool ant. CANDU-6 re ac tors have the po ten tial to use nanofluid coolants be cause in these re ac tors, the mod er a tor sys tem is fully in de pend ent of the pri mary heat trans port sys tem. MCNPX code has been used for mod el ling and sim u la tion of a CANDU-6 re ac tor con tain ing a nanofluid as pri mary cool ant. The vari a tion of mul ti pli ca tion fac tor and to tal neu tron flux dis tri bu tion along a fuel chan nel, next to the cen tral axis, has been in ves tigated by us ing dif fer ent nanofluids. In this anal y sis, heavy wa ter-based nanofluids con tain ing var i ous vol u met ric per cent ages of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CuO, Ti, Cu, Zr, and Si nanoparticles were used. A typ i cal CANDU-6 re ac tor was se lected as ref er ence for re ac tor core mod el ling. The re sults of the neutronic anal y sis show that Al 2 O 3 nanofluids with 1% vol u met ric per cent age are the most suit able cool ant for CANDU-6 re ac tors which can in crease the cool ant heat trans fer co ef fi cient and con se quently en hance the plant ef fi ciency.
Nanofluids have shown to be promising as an alternative for a PWR reactor coolant or as a safety system coolant to cover the core in the event of a loss of coolant accident. The nanoparticles distribution and neutronic parameters are intensively affected by the local boiling of nanofluid coolant. The main goal of this study was the physical-mathematical modeling of the nanoparticles distribution in the nucleate boiling of nanofluids within the viscous sublayer. Nanoparticles concentration, especially near the heat transfer surfaces, plays a significant role in the enhancement of thermal conductivity of nanofluids and prediction of CHF, Hide Out and Return phenomena. By solving the equation of convection-diffusion for the liquid phase near the heating surface and the bulk stream, the effect of heat flux on the distribution of nanoparticles was studied. The steady state mass conservation equations for liquids, vapors and nanoparticles were written for the flow boiling within the viscous sublayer adjacent the fuel cladding surface. The derived differential equations were discretized by the finite difference method and were solved numerically. It was found out that by increasing the surface heat flux, the concentration of nanoparticles increased.
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