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The present trial investigates the effects of soil-derived Streptomyces chartreusis KU324443 as a probiotic on growth performance, mucosal and serum immune parameters, and immune and antioxidant-associated gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In a two-month experiment, carps were fed with varying levels of S. chartreusis KU324443 (0 (control), 105 (S1), 106 (S2), and 107 (S3) CFU/g). Then, performance, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters besides immune and antioxidant-related gene expression (IL1 and Lyz, CAT and SOD) were measured. Fish fed S. chartreusis-supplemented diet showed a significant increase in growth performance parameters ( P < 0.05 ) regardless of inclusion levels. Including different doses of S. chartreusis significantly increased serum total Ig and lysozyme activity compared to those fed the control diet ( P < 0.05 ). While no significant difference was noticed in the case of skin mucus total Ig ( P > 0.05 ), lysozyme activity showed a significant increase in S. chartreusis-treated carps ( P < 0.05 ). No significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) were noticed in the case of serum antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, and GPx) of S. chartreusis-fed carps and control. However, fish fed the control diet recorded the highest SOD and GPx enzyme activity in skin mucus of common carp, while no significant differences were noticed in the case of mucus CAT enzyme activity in common carp ( P > 0.05 ). Gene expression studies revealed noticeable alterations between treated fish and control. Fish in S3 treatment had significantly higher CAT, SOD, Lyz, and IL1 expression ( P < 0.05 ). These results confirmed the beneficial effects of a soil-derived probiotic (S. chartreusis) on the performance and health of common carp.

During recent years several lizard taxa have been added to the faunal list of Iran. Descriptions and new records are scattered in different publications in the herpetological literature. We here present species accounts for 152 species belonging to 43 genera and 10 families up to July 2016. The most diverse family is Lacertidae with 9 genera, 49 species and 2 subspecies, followed by Gekkonidae with 13 genera and 43 species, Agamidae with 5 genera, 18 species and 4 subspecies, Scincidae with 7 genera, 18 species and 2 subspecies, Phyllodactylidae with 1 genus and 10 species, Sphaerodactylidae with 2 genera and 4 species, Varanidae with 1 genus, 3 species and 2 subspecies, Uromastycidae with 2 genera and 3 species, Eublepharidae with 1 genus and 3 species, and Anguidae with 2 genera and 2 species. The current paper provides a dichotomous key including all of the currently recognized lizards of Iran.

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The distribution area of Pseudopus apodus includes the Balkan, Crimean peninsulas, and Ciscaucasia region in Europe, and Asia Minor and the Middle East. This area has experienced a significant habitat loss and fragmentation because of human population growth, increased farming, logging and climate change. To estimate how climate change will affect the presumed future distribution of the studied species, we constructed the possible current distribution of the species and its potential environmental risk for future dispersion. We used an ensemble prediction to forecast the location and distribution of suitable habitats for P. apodus in present and future (i.e. 2070) based on 19 environmental variables. The results were consistent among models and indicated that there are two most important variables that affect distribution pattern of the species: temperature seasonality and precipitation seasonality. All of the models used in this study showed a significant AUC and TSS value. Based upon FDA and ensemble maps it is proposed here that species range will be extended to the east, in particular in higher altitude regions like Afghanistan, but its western range in Jordan will be shrunk. Comparison of the current distribution and future prediction reveals that suitable habitats of Pseudopus apodus will be shifted to higher elevations by 2070 and during this period the species is predicted to migrate from lowlands to higher elevations. Change in latitudinal range is also probable to find new suitable areas under predicted future climate scenarios.