Purpose: To report two cases of COVID-19 under treatment with a corticosteroid; in one case rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis and in another one rhino-orbital mucormycosis developed. Case presentation: A 40-year old woman and a 54-year old man with severe COVID-19 underwent corticosteroid therapy for immune-related lung injuries. The first case presented with a bilateral visual loss and complete ophthalmoplegia of the right eye. The second case presented with vision loss, proptosis, orbital inflammation, and complete ophthalmoplegia on the left side. Histopathologic, nasal endoscopic examinations, and radiologic findings confirmed mucormycosis in both patients. The patients denied orbital exenteration and were managed with systemic amphotericin B and daily endoscopic sinus debridement and irrigation with diluted amphotericin B. Because of the intracranial space involvement, the first case died. The second case was successfully managed surgically and medically. Conclusion: Rhino-orbital/cerebral mucormycosis may be developed in COVID-19 patients under treatment with corticosteroid, and requires prompt diagnosis and management.

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A B S T R A C TThe present study, conducted on three children with cerebral palsy who had voiding dysfunction. After collecting demographic information, symptoms of voiding dysfunctions were recorded. Then; we did an ultrasonographic evaluation of the bladder to measure residual urine volume. Physiotherapy treatment through percutaneous electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve was performed in 12 sessions. Bladder ultrasonography was repeated after treatment. Abnormal residual urine volume became normal in patients with urinary retention. Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation reduces symptoms of voiding dysfunctions in children with cerebral palsy.

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